The catalogue of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations associated with drug resistance to 12 drugs in China from a nationwide survey: a genomic analysis.

Background: WHO issued the first edition catalogue of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) mutations associated with drug resistance in 2021. However, country-specific issues might lead to arising complex and additional drug-resistant mutations. We aimed to fully reflect the characteristics of drug resistance mutations in China.

Transmission dynamics of tuberculosis in a high-burden area of China: An 8-year population-based study using whole genome sequencing.

Objectives: This study investigated the transmission patterns of tuberculosis (TB) and its associated risk factors in Hunan province to inform the development of prevention and control strategies in the region.

Methods: An 8-year retrospective population-based genomic epidemiological study was conducted. Genomic clusters were defined using distance thresholds of 12-single-nucletide-polymorphisms.

Intravenous leiomyomatosis in the inferior vena cava and right atrium with pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma secondary to a pelvic arteriovenous fistula: A case report and literature review.

Background: To report the diagnosis and treatment of a rare disease of intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) originating from the uterus, growing in the inferior vena cava (IVC) and extending into the right atrium (RA) associated with a pelvic arteriovenous fistula (AVF). This is the first reported case of IVL in the IVC and RA with pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) secondary to a pelvic AVF despite the use of GnRH agonists in a nonmenopausal woman.

Case Presentation: The patient was a 50-year-old premenopausal woman with a history of surgical resection for and antiestrogen conservative drug for pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) 5 years.

Transmission characteristics in Tuberculosis by WGS: nationwide cross-sectional surveillance in China.

China, with the third largest share of global tuberculosis cases, faces a substantial challenge in its healthcare system as a result of the high burden of multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). This study employs a genomic epidemiological approach to assess recent tuberculosis transmissions between individuals, identifying potential risk factors and discerning the role of transmitted resistant isolates in the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in China. We conducted a population-based retrospective study on 5052 (MTB) isolates from 70 surveillance sites using whole genome sequencing (WGS).

Impact of MSMEG5257 Deletion on Growth.

Mycobacterial membrane proteins play a pivotal role in the bacterial invasion of host cells; however, the precise mechanisms underlying certain membrane proteins remain elusive. (Ms) is a hemolysin III family protein that is homologous to (Mtb) , but it has an unclear function in growth. To address this issue, we utilized the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editor to construct Δ strains and combined RNA transcription and LC-MS/MS protein profiling to determine the functional role of in Ms growth.

The Recent Transmission and Associated Risk Factor of in Golmud City, China.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a severe public health problem globally, and it is essential to comprehend the transmission pattern to control tuberculosis. Herein, we evaluated the drug-resistant characteristics, recent transmission, and associated risk factors of TB in Golmud, Qinghai, China.

Methods: In this study, we performed a population-based study of patients diagnosed with TB in Golmud from 2013 to 2018.

Association of lineage 4.2.2 of with the 63-bp deletion variant of the gene.

To date, rapid diagnostic methods based on the MPT64 antigen assay are increasingly utilized to differentiate between non-tuberculous mycobacteria and TB disease in clinical settings. Furthermore, numerous novel techniques based on the MPT64 release assay are continuously being developed and applied for the identification of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the MPT64 antigen assay is influenced by the presence of 63 bp deletion variants within the gene.

Insight into the drug-resistant characteristics and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant in China.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has a severe impact on public health. To investigate the drug-resistant profile, compensatory mutations and genetic variations among MDR-TB isolates, a total of 546 MDR-TB isolates from China underwent drug-susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing for further analysis. The results showed that our isolates have a high rate of fluoroquinolone resistance (45.

Boosting Output Performance of Sliding Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Shielding Layer and Shrouded-Tribo-Area Optimized Ternary Electrification Layered Architecture.

Sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (S-TENG) is effective for low-frequency mechanical energy harvesting owing to their more efficient mechanical energy extraction capability and easy packaging. Ternary electrification layered (TEL) architecture is proven useful for improving the output performance of S-TENG. However, the bottleneck of electric output is the air breakdown on the interface of tribo-layers, which seriously restricts its further improvement.

Conversion of Dielectric Surface Effect into Volume Effect for High Output Energy.

Improving the output energy and durability of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) remains a considerable challenge for their practical applications. Owing to the interface effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, thinner films with higher dielectric constants yield a higher output; however, they are not durable for practical applications. Herein, the dielectric surface effect is changed into a volume effect by adopting a millimeter-thick dielectric film with an inner porous network structure so that charges can hop in the surface state of the network.

Endogenous relapse and exogenous reinfection in recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective study revealed by whole genome sequencing.

Background: Tuberculosis may reoccur due to reinfection or relapse after initially successful treatment. Distinguishing the cause of TB recurrence is crucial to guide TB control and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the source of TB recurrence and risk factors related to relapse in Hunan province, a high TB burden region in southern China.

Evaluation Study of xMAP TIER Assay on a Microsphere-Based Platform for Detecting First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance.

Early diagnosis of drug susceptibility for tuberculosis (TB) patients could guide the timely initiation of effective treatment. We evaluated a novel multiplex xMAP TIER (Tuberculosis-Isoniazid-Ethambutol-Rifampicin) assay based on the Luminex xMAP system to detect first-line anti-tuberculous drug resistance. Deoxyribonucleic acid samples from 353 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates were amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, followed by hybridization and analysis through the xMAP system.

High diversity of clinical in China revealed by whole genome sequencing.

is the most common cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease, with a rapidly growing prevalence worldwide. In this study, we performed comparative genomic analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics analysis of 117 clinical strains in China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that clinical strains had high genetic diversity and were not related to the geographical area.

Large Harvested Energy by Self-Excited Liquid Suspension Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Optimized Charge Transportation Behavior.

To enhance the durability of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), liquid lubrication has been used to reduce mechanical abrasion. However, as the charge transportation behavior in dielectric liquid is not clearly understood, the output energy is still low although some improvements have been reported. Herein, the charge transportation behaviors in dielectric liquid by self-excited liquid suspension triboelectric nanogenerator (LS-TENG) are systematically investigated.

A Mutual Boosting Self-Excitation Hybrid Cell for Harvesting High Entropy Energy at 32% Efficiency.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are potentially promising energy conversion technologies, but they still have limitations due to their own intrinsic characteristics, including the low energy output of TENGs caused by the air breakdown effect, and external polarization voltage requirement for DEGs, which severely limit their practical applications. Herein, coupling TENG with DEG is proposed to build a mutual beneficial self-excitation hybrid generator (named TDHG) for harvesting distributed and low-quality mechanical energy (high entropy energy). Experimental results demonstrate that the output charges of this TDHG are enhanced by fivefold of that of the conventional charge-excitation TENG, and continuous operation of DEG is also realized by simple mechanical triggering.

Transmission and Drug Resistance Genotype of Multidrug-Resistant or Rifampicin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Chongqing, China.

Multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) is a global barrier for the Stop TB plan. To identify risk factors for treatment outcome and cluster transmission of MDR/RR-TB, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of isolates from patients of the Chongqing Tuberculosis Control Institute were used for phylogenetic classifications, resistance predictions, and cluster analysis. A total of 223 MDR/RR-TB cases were recorded between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020.

High Output Performance and Ultra-Durable DC Output for Triboelectric Nanogenerator Inspired by Primary Cell.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is regarded as an effective strategy to convert environment mechanical energy into electricity to meet the distributed energy demand of large number of sensors in the Internet of Things (IoTs). Although TENG based on the coupling of triboelectrification and air-breakdown achieves a large direct current (DC) output, material abrasion is a bottleneck for its applications. Here, inspired by primary cell and its DC signal output characteristics, we propose a novel primary cell structure TENG (PC-TENG) based on contact electrification and electrostatic induction, which has multiple working modes, including contact separation mode, freestanding mode and rotation mode.

Ultrahigh Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator Enabled by Charge Transmission in Interfacial Lubrication and Potential Decentralization Design.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising strategy for harvesting low frequency mechanical energy. However, the bottlenecks of limited electric output by air/dielectric breakdown and poor durability by material abrasion seriously restrict its further improvement. Herein, we propose a liquid lubrication promoted sliding mode TENG to address both issues.

Identification and drug susceptibility testing of the subspecies of Mycobacterium avium complex clinical isolates in mainland China.

Objectives: The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), comprising a series of subspecies, has a worldwide distribution, with differences in drug susceptibility among subspecies. This study aimed to assess the composition of MAC and susceptibility differences among subspecies in mainland China.

Methods: A total of 287 MAC clinical strains were included in the study.

Detection of Rifampicin Resistance Conferred by Borderline Mutations: Xpert MTB/RIF is Superior to Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing.

Objective: To compare the ability of detection of borderline rifampicin resistance in between molecular assay and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests.

Methods: Fifty-seven isolates with His445Leu, Asp435Tyr, Leu452Pro, Leu430Pro, His445Asn, Ile491Phe, and His445Ser mutations in gene identified by whole-genome sequencing conferring borderline rifampicin resistance were included. Molecular-based Xpert MTB/RIF, phenotypic Löwenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium-based drug susceptibility test (DST) with a critical concentration of 40.