Oral probiotic extracellular vesicle therapy mitigates Influenza A Virus infection via blunting IL-17 signaling.

The influenza A virus (IAV) damages intestinal mucosal tissues beyond the respiratory tract. Probiotics play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and stability of the intestinal microecosystem. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from probiotics have emerged as potential mediators of host immune response and anti-inflammatory effect.

Reprogramming of Treg cell-derived small extracellular vesicles effectively prevents intestinal inflammation from PANoptosis by blocking mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the alimentary tract without exact etiology. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) derived from mitochondrial dysfunction impair intestinal barrier function, increase gut permeability, and facilitate immune cell invasion, and, therefore, are considered to have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Here, we reprogrammed regulatory T cell (Treg)-derived exosomes loaded with the antioxidant trace element selenium (Se) and decorated them with the synthetic mitochondria-targeting SS-31 tetrapeptide via a peptide linker.

Direct and indirect effects of estrogens, androgens and intestinal microbiota on colorectal cancer.

Sex differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) has received considerable research attention recently, particularly regarding the influence of sex hormones and the intestinal microbiota. Estrogen, at the genetic and epigenetic levels, directly inhibits CRC cell proliferation by enhancing DNA mismatch repair, regulating miRNAs, blocking the cell cycle, and modulating ion channels. However, estradiol's activation of GPER promotes oncogene expression.

Fostering the waste management with environmental-resource interacting attribute.

Effective waste management is essential for achieving sustainability, yet challenges persist in resource recovery and mitigating environmental impacts. The environmental-resource interacting attribute framework quantifies these difficulties in waste processes, revealing attribute bias and guiding treatment pathway selection. Here we analyze twelve waste categories and reveal significant variability in recyclability and environmental impact.

Large Language Models in Dental Licensing Examinations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction And Aims: This study systematically reviews and conducts a meta-analysis to evaluate the performance of various large language models (LLMs) in dental licensing examinations worldwide. The aim is to assess the accuracy of these models in different linguistic and geographical contexts. This will inform their potential application in dental education and diagnostics.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of advanced large language models in medical Knowledge: A Comparative study using Japanese national medical examination.

Unlabelled: Study aims and objectives. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of medical knowledge in the most advanced LLMs (GPT-4o, GPT-4, Gemini 1.5 Pro, and Claude 3 Opus) as of 2024.

Improving Human Activity Recognition With Wearable Sensors Through BEE: Leveraging Early Exit and Gradient Boosting.

Early-exiting has recently provided an ideal solution for accelerating activity inference by attaching internal classifiers to deep neural networks. It allows easy activity samples to be predicted at shallower layers, without executing deeper layers, hence leading to notable adaptiveness in terms of accuracy-speed trade-off under varying resource demands. However, prior most works typically optimize all the classifiers equally on all types of activity data.

Comparative efficacy, safety, and tolerability of pharmacotherapies for acute mania in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The aim of this study was to provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of currently used pharmacological treatments for adults with acute bipolar mania. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) using R software and related packages. We searched primary clinical databases until February 2023 for reports of randomized controlled trials of drug treatments and adjunctive therapies for adults with acute bipolar mania, with outcomes including efficacy (mean change from baseline to endpoint in mania rating scores), safety (clinically significant adverse events from baseline to end of treatment), and tolerability (the proportion of patients who completed the whole trial to the planned endpoint).

Unlocking treatment success: predicting atypical antipsychotic continuation in youth with mania.

Purpose: This study aimed to create and validate robust machine-learning-based prediction models for antipsychotic drug (risperidone) continuation in children and teenagers suffering from mania over one year and to discover potential variables for clinical treatment.

Method: The study population was collected from the national claims database in China. A total of 4,532 patients aged 4-18 who began risperidone therapy for mania between September 2013 and October 2019 were identified.

Bidirectional causal associations between aging and major mental disorders: A population-based study using the two-sample mendelian randomization method from the UK biobank (AM-SRNMA 002).

Aims: While observational studies have suggested associations linking aging and mental disorders, the question of causality has remained unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between aging level and major mental disorders.

Methods: We utilized Two-Sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) with mental disorders data and aging indicators information from an extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) database.

Hepatic toxicity prediction of bisphenol analogs by machine learning strategy.

Toxicological studies have demonstrated the hepatic toxicity of several bisphenol analogs (BPs), a prevalent type of endocrine disruptor. The development of Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) has substantially contributed to the rapid risk assessment for human health. However, the lack of in vitro and in vivo data for the emerging BPs has limited the hazard assessment of these synthetic chemicals.

Multivariable machine learning models for clinical prediction of subsequent hip fractures in older people using the Chinese population database.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate clinical prediction models using machine learning (ML) algorithms for reliable prediction of subsequent hip fractures in older individuals, who had previously sustained a first hip fracture, and facilitate early prevention and diagnosis, therefore effectively managing rapidly rising healthcare costs in China.

Methods: Data were obtained from Grade A Tertiary hospitals for older patients (age ≥ 60 years) diagnosed with hip fractures in southwest China between 1 January 2009 and 1 April 2020. The database was built by collecting clinical and administrative data from outpatients and inpatients nationwide.

Expression patterns of E2Fs identify tumor microenvironment features in human gastric cancer.

Objective: E2F transcription factors are associated with tumor development, but their underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. This study explored whether E2Fs determine the prognosis or immune and therapy responses of GC patients.

Methods: E2F regulation patterns from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were systematically investigated and E2F patterns were correlated with the characteristics of cellular infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Applying Untargeted Lipidomics to Evaluate the Efficacy of Combined Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Treatment.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis due to insidious symptoms that make early diagnosis difficult. Despite the combination of multiple treatment modalities, the recurrence and mortality rates of ESCC remain high. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy is an emerging treatment modality that improves the prognosis of patients with ESCC.

Analysis of deafness susceptibility gene of neonates in northern Guangdong, China.

This study aimed to explore the molecular epidemiology characteristics of deafness susceptibility genes in neonates in northern Guangdong and provide a scientific basis for deafness prevention and control. A total of 10,183 neonates were recruited between January 2018 and December 2022 at Yuebei People's Hospital. Among these, a PCR hybridization screening group of 8276 neonates was tested for four deafness genes: GJB2, SLC26A4, mtDNA, and GJB3 by PCR hybridization.

Mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics and its involvement in colorectal cancer.

The incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer have elevated its status as a significant public health concern. Recent research has elucidated the crucial role of mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. Elevated mitochondrial fission or fusion activity can contribute to the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, thereby activating oncogenic pathways that drive cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance.

-Arylation of Amino Acid Esters via an I-Mediated Metal-Free Multicomponent Benzannulation Strategy.

Herein, we present a novel method for the -arylation of amino acid esters using α-bromoacetaldehyde acetal and acetoacetate via an I-mediated metal-free benzannulation strategy, which disclosed the first synthetic application of -arylation of amino acids using nonaromatic building blocks. The synthesized -arylated amino acid derivatives were found to possess promising selective inhibition against human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells, human melanoma cells, and human normal liver cells, with an IC value as low as 16.79 μg·mL.

Atractylenolide III ameliorated reflux esophagitis via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/iNOS pathway in rats.

Reflux esophagitis (RE), an esophageal inflammation caused by reflux of gastric contents, often damages the lower esophagus, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of atractylenolide III (ATL III) on RE model rats. In this research, the RE rat model is established sequentially following hemipyloric ligation, cardia transection, and hydrochloric acid perfusion.

Circ_ZNF778_006 promoted ESCC progression by upregulating HIF-1α expression via sponging miR-18b-5p.

In multiple malignant tumors, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are believed to play a crucial role. Our prior results demonstrated that circ_ZNF778_006 was significantly increased in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues, but the roles of circ_ZNF778_006 in ESCC is still not clear. The expression of circ_ZNF778_006 was compared in different pathological grades of ESCC.

Multi-pinhole collimator design in different numbers of projections for brain SPECT.

Purpose: High resolution and sensitivity brain SPECT is promising for the accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Multi-pinhole (MPH) collimators with a good performance in imaging small field-of-view (FOV) could be better used for brain SPECT. In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of varying the number of pinholes and the number of projections on the performance of MPH brain SPECT.

Machine learning-based prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with pneumonic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.

Objective: While linear regression and LASSO models have been established for predicting in-hospital mortality, there is currently no validated clinical prediction algorithm to predict in-hospital mortality for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations using machine learning. Thus, we will evaluate the BAP-65 and CURB-65, and construct a novel prediction model using the random forest (RF) technique.

Methods: A dataset of 1,418 patients with COPD exacerbations was collected.