Synergistic co-evolution of rhizosphere bacteria in response to acidification amelioration strategies: impacts on the alleviation of tobacco wilt and underlying mechanisms.

Soil acidification represents a severe threat to tobacco cultivation regions in South China, exacerbating bacterial wilt caused by . The comprehension of the underlying mechanisms that facilitate the restoration of rhizosphere microbial communities in "healthy soils" is imperative for ecologically managing tobacco bacterial wilt. This study focuses on acidified tobacco soils that have been subjected to continuous cultivation for 20 years.

Research status and prospect of ratoon rice in China under mechanically harvested condition.

The proportion and area of ratoon rice planting in China have been substantially increased, due to continuous improvement of rice breeding methods and consecutive innovation of cultivation technology, which has developed into one of rice planting modes with significant production efficiency. Combining the experience in research and practice, from the perspective of crop physiology and ecology, we reviewed the current situation and prospects of high-yielding formation and physiological mechanisms of ratoon rice. We focused on four key aspects: screening and breeding of ratoon rice cultivars and the classification; suitable stubble height for mechanically harvested ratoon rice, as well as water and fertilizer management; dry matter production and allocation in ratoon rice and the relationship with yield formation; regenerative activity and vigor of ratoon rice roots and their relationship with rhizosphere micro-ecological characteristics.

[Changes in physicochemical property and microbial community of soil at diffe-rent fallow ages].

is authentic traditional Chinese herbal medicine in Fujian Province. suffers from serious consecutive monoculture problems. Fallow can alleviate such problems, but the mecha-nism is still unclear.

[Field greenhouse gas emission characteristics and carbon footprint of ratoon rice].

It is of great significance to understand the effects of different rice cultivation methods in southeast China on greenhouse gas emission characteristics and carbon footprint of paddy fields during rice cultivation for rice sustainable production. In this study, the popular conventional rice 'Jiafuzhan' and hybrid rice 'Yongyou 2640' were used as materials to establish four rice cultivation patterns suitable for different ecological types in Fujian Province: 1) double-cropping system, early rice and late rice with Jiafuzhan (D-J); 2) early maturing ratooning system, first season rice and ratooning season rice with Jiafuzhan (R-J); 3) middle-maturing ratooning system, first season rice and ratooning season with Yongyou 2640 (R-Y); and 4) single cropping system with Yongyou 2640 (S-Y), which should be synchronized in heading time with the counterpart (the ratooning season rice). Greenhouse gas emissions from paddy soil were measured by the closed static black box observation method and the gas chromatography method, respectively.

Effects of different technical substitutions on reducing replant disease of and the underlying mechanism.

is a traditional Chinese medicinical herb, with tuberous roots being used as a medicine. Serious continuous monoculture problems were suffered from process of artificial and intensive cultivation. To explore the effective technical methods to overcome the monoculture problems, the effects of different technical substitution patterns on soil environment remediation, photosynthetic physiology and yield performance of were assessed under continuous cropping system with four technical substitution treatments in the phase between two crops after the newly harvested (first crop): fallow (RP-F-RP), fallow treated with microbial fertilizer (RP-F-BF), water flooding (RP-WF), and water flooding treated with specific microbial fertilizer (RP-WF-BF).

[Effects of Rehmannia glutinosa consecutive monoculture on the community structure and diversity of phyllosphere bacteria].

Rehmannia glutinosa, a perennial herbaceous species, belongs to the family Scrophularia-ceae. As a staple medicinal material, its tuberous roots are highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine. However, R.

[Effects of biochar and sheep manure on rhizospheric soil microbial community in continuous ratooning tea orchards].

Long-term continuous ratooning of tea could lead to serious soil acidification, nutritional imbalance, and the deterioration of the rhizosphere micro-ecological environment. Understanding the effects of biochar and sheep manure on the growth of tea plants and the rhizosphere microbial community structure and function would provide theoretical basis to improve the soil micro-ecological environment of continuous ratooning tea orchards. Biolog technology combined with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) approaches were employed to quantify the effects of biochar (40 t·hm) and sheep manure on the growth of 20 years continuous ratooning tea plants, soil chemical properties, and the soil microbial community structure and function.

Ratoon rice generated from primed parent plants exhibit enhanced herbivore resistance.

Rice ratooning is practiced in many rice-growing countries for achieving increased rice production with limited labour input. Here, we report that attack by insect herbivores, or treatment with a defense signaling compound in parent plants, can prime anti-herbivore defense responses in subsequent ratoon plants. We compared the defense responses of rice ratoons generated from parent plants that had been either infested by Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (rice leaffolder, LF) caterpillars or treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) during vegetative growth, with ratoons generated from control parent plants.

[Effects of different amendments on contents of phenolic acids and specific microbes in rhizosphere of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.].

Pseudostellaria heterophylla is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. The tuberous roots of P. heterophylla are highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine and have a high market demand.

Determination of arsenic species in Solanum Lyratum Thunb using capillary electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

A simple and highly efficient interface to couple capillary electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry by a microflow polyfluoroalkoxy nebulizer and a quadruple ion deflector was developed in this study. By using this interface, six arsenic species, including arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenobetaine, and arsenocholine, were baseline-separated and determined in a single run within 11 min under the optimized separation conditions. The instrumental detection limit was in the range of 0.

Effect of arsenite-oxidizing bacterium B. laterosporus on arsenite toxicity and arsenic translocation in rice seedlings.

Arsenite [As (III)] oxidation can be accelerated by bacterial catalysis, but the effects of the accelerated oxidation on arsenic toxicity and translocation in rice plants are poorly understood. Herein we investigated how an arsenite-oxidizing bacterium, namely Brevibacillus laterosporus, influences As (III) toxicity and translocation in rice plants. Rice seedlings of four cultivars, namely Guangyou Ming 118 (GM), Teyou Hang II (TH), Shanyou 63 (SY) and Minghui 63 (MH), inoculated with or without the bacterium were grown hydroponically with As (III) to investigate its effects on arsenic toxicity and translocation in the plants.

Transcriptome-wide identification of the genes responding to replanting disease in Rehmannia glutinosa L. roots.

The development of the medicinal plant Rehmannia glutinosa L. are severely declined when are replanted on the soil of the preceding crops being themselves. The biological basis of this so called "replanting disease" is unknown.

Stress signaling in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana involves a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, NDPK-3.

The study is the first to reveal the proteomic response in plants to a single PAH stress, and indicates that NDPK3 is a positive regulator in the Arabidopsis response to phenanthrene stress. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly carcinogenic pollutants that are byproducts of carbon-based fuel combustion, and tend to persist in the environment for long periods of time. PAHs elicit complex, damaging responses in plants, and prior research at the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional levels has indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress play major roles in the PAH response.

[Molecular cloning and expression analysis of an Aux/IAA gene (RgIAA1) from Rehmannia glutinosa].

To clone and analyze a member of the Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family, RgIAA1, from Rehmannia glutinosa. The transcriptional EST database of R. glutinosa was used to clone the new Aux/IAA gene by cDNA probe of AtIAA14.

[Characteristics of soil microbial community under different vegetation types in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, East China].

By using Biolog Ecoplate system, this paper studied the structure and functional diversity of soil microbial community under different vegetation types in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, aimed to probe into the effects of vegetation type on the diversity of soil microbial community. The results showed that the soil chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and average well color development (AWCD) were higher in natural forest than in planted forest, and were the lowest in abandoned field. The AWCD reflecting soil microbial activity and functional diversity was increased with increasing incubation time, but there existed significant differences among different vegetation types.

Transcriptome/degradome-wide identification of R. glutinosa miRNAs and their targets: the role of miRNA activity in the replanting disease.

Rehmannia glutinosa, a traditional Chinese medicine herb, is unable to grow normally in a soil where the same species has recently been cultivated. The biological basis of this so called "replanting disease" is unknown, but it may involve the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are known to be important regulators of plant growth and development. High throughput Solexa/Illumina sequencing was used to generate a transcript library of the R.

[Spatiotemporal distribution of air temperature and precipitation in rice growth period in Fujian Province of East China and the effects of this distribution on rice planting pattern].

In order to investigate the effects of climate change on the rice production and rice planting pattern in Fujian Province, an analysis was made on the spatiotemporal distribution of air temperature and precipitation in rice growth period in the Province, and the possible changes of the local rice planting pattern in the future, based on the A2, B2, and A1 B scenarios of IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES). In the future, the rice growth period's air temperature in the Province tended to be increased, and the increment would be increased with time, with the maximum for single cropping rice and being 0.3-2.

Separation of allelopathy from resource competition using rice/barnyardgrass mixed-cultures.

Plant-plant interference is the combined effect of allelopathy, resource competition, and many other factors. Separating allelopathy from resource competition is almost impossible in natural systems but it is important to evaluate the relative contribution of each of the two mechanisms on plant interference. Research on allelopathy in natural and cultivated plant communities has been hindered in the absence of a reliable method that can separate allelopathic effect from resource competition.

Identification of autotoxic compounds in fibrous roots of Rehmannia (Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.).

Rehmannia is a medicinal plant in China. Autotoxicity has been reported to be one of the major problems hindering the consecutive monoculture of Rehmannia. However, potential autotoxins produced by the fibrous roots are less known.

[Differential expression of proteins in Oryza sativa leaves in response to cadmium stress].

In order to explore the cadmium (Cd)-tolerance mechanism of rice (Oryza sativa), a hydroponic experiment with Cd-tolerant rice cultivar PI312777 and Cd-sensitive rice cultivar IR24 was conducted. The cultivars were treated with 0 (control), 50, and 100 micromol L(-1) of Cd(2+) for 7 days, and the differential expression of proteins in their leaves were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/MS approach. Under Cd stress, 31 protein spots in PI312777 leaves and 19 protein spots in IR24 leaves had significantly different expression, compared with the control.

[Differential protein analysis on the root response of rice with high phosphorous uptake efficiency to low phosphorous stress].

A comparative proteomics analysis was performed to identify the molecular response of a rice cultivar (Oryza sative cv. 'IRRI71331') with high phosphorous (P) uptake efficiency to low P stress. The hydroponically grown rice plants were provided with two levels of P (0.

[Effects of continuous cropping on bacterial community diversity in rhizosphere soil of Rehmannia glutinosa].

In this paper, T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique was adopted to study the dynamic changes of bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped Rehmannia glutinosa L. The results showed that the Shannon diversity index, Margalef index, and similarity index of bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil all decreased in the order of control > one-year cropping > two-year continuous cropping. Under continuous cropping, the proportion of dominant bacterial species declined obviously.