RT-nPCR Assays for Amplification and Sequencing of VP1 Genes in Human Enterovirus A-D from Clinical Specimens.

Objective: To develop RT-nPCR assays for amplifying partial and complete VP1 genes of human enteroviruses (HEVs) from clinical samples and to contribute to etiological surveillance of HEV-related diseases.

Methods: A panel of RT-nPCR assays, consisting of published combined primer pairs for VP1 genes of HEV A-C and in-house designed primers for HEV-D, was established in this study. The sensitivity of each RT-nPCR assay was evaluated with serially diluted virus stocks of five serotypes expressed as CCID per μL and copies per μL, and the newly established methods were tested in clinical specimens collected in recent years.

[Spatio-Temporal Patterns and Environmental Risk of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the Liuxi River].

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and spatio-temporal distribution of 4--octylphenol (4--OP), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), triclosan (TCS), estrone (E1), 17-estradiol (E2), and bisphenol-A (BPA) as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the water of the Liuxi River and to evaluate the risks for estrogenic activity. The results showed that EDCs had been detected at the 14 monitoring sites and the total concentration ranged from 26.07 ng·L to 7109.

[Patterns of Bacterial Community Through Soil Depth Profiles and Its Influencing Factors Under Burkill in the Xinjiashan Forest Region of Qinling Mountains].

In this study, vertical changes in bacterial α-diversity and community composition were investigated at four soil depths(0-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm) in Burkill forest of Qinling Mountains by sequencing of the 16S rDNA regions using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput technology. The results showed that the decreases of OTUs, Chao1 and Shannon were numerical but not significant, and the highest values of 1688, 2314 and 8.66 were obtained in 0-10 cm, respectively.

[Molecular epidemiology of HFMD-associated pathogen coxsackievirus A6 in Fujian Province, 2011-2013].

In order to characterize the molecular epidemiology of HFMD-associated Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) in Fujian Province, a total of 1340 specimens from non-EV71 non-CVA16 HFMD patients were collected during 2011-2013. Isolated virus strains were identified and subtyped. Full-length coding regions for the VP1 gene of the predominant serotype CVA6 isolates were amplified and sequenced.

[Vertical distribution of soil active carbon and soil organic carbon storage under different forest types in the Qinling Mountains].

Adopting field investigation and indoor analysis methods, the distribution patterns of soil active carbon and soil carbon storage in the soil profiles of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata (Matoutan Forest, I), Pinus tabuliformis (II), Pinus armandii (III), pine-oak mixed forest (IV), Picea asperata (V), and Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata (Xinjiashan Forest, VI) of Qinling Mountains were studied in August 2013.

Enteractinococcus coprophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., of the family Micrococcaceae, isolated from Panthera tigris amoyensis faeces, and transfer of Yaniella fodinae Dhanjal et al. 2011 to the genus Enteractinococcus as Enteractinococcus fodinae comb. nov.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 100590(T), was isolated from Panthera tigris amoyensis faeces collected from Yunnan Wild Animal Park in Yunnan province, south-west China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data showed that strain YIM 100590(T) is a member of the family Micrococcaceae. Cells were coccoid to oval (0.

Nonomuraea soli sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil.

A straight-chain, spore-forming actinobacterium, strain YIM 120770(T), was isolated from soil. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that the isolate represents a distinct cluster within the clade comprising the genus Nonomuraea and is related most closely to Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092(T) (96.5% similarity).

Methylobacterium soli sp. nov. a methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the forest soil.

A Gram-negative, pink-pigmented, non-spore-forming rod shaped, methanol-utilizing bacterium, strain YIM 48816(T), was isolated from forest soil collected from Sichuan province, China. Strain YIM 48816(T) can grow at 4-37 °C, pH 5.0-7.

Planosporangium mesophilum sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Bletilla striata.

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile actinomycete, designated strain YIM 48875(T), was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Bletilla striata and its taxonomic position was established by using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data showed that strain YIM 48875(T) belonged to the genus Planosporangium, supported by a bootstrap value of 100 %. Cells of strain YIM 48875(T) showed two kinds of sporangia, which also supported its classification in the genus Planosporangium.

Rubellimicrobium roseum sp. nov., a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the forest soil sample.

A novel pink-coloured, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative bacterium, designated YIM 48858(T), is described by using a polyphasic approach. The strain can grow at pH 6.5-9 (optimum at pH 7) and 25-30 degrees C (optimum at 28 degrees C).

[Effects of furadan on soil enzyme activity].

By using simulation method, this paper studied the effects of furadan on the activities of soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase, with the affecting factors investigated. The results showed that after adding furadan into soil, soil urease activity was decreased first but increased then, indicating that the ecotoxicity of furadan was reduced gradually. When the concentration of furadan was less than 0.

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease.

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury (Hg) on urease activity in 4 soils (meadow burozem and phaeozem) was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil.

[Effects of Hg on soil enzyme activity].

With simulation test, this paper studied the effects of Hg on the activities of urease, invertase and neutral phosphotase in four soils. The results showed that Hg inhibited soil urease and invertase activities markedly, but its inhibitory effect differed with test soils. There was a significant logarithmic correlation between the concentration of HgCl2 and the activities of these two enzymes (P < 0.

[Effect of temperature on kinetic of soil urease inhibited by Hg].

Urease kinetics inhibited by Hg in two meadow burozem, fertilized by different ways and two phaeozem soils with different organic matter content was investigated at different temperatures. The results showed that the urease activity and kinetic parameter V(max) and V(max)/K(m) were higher in soils with high organic matter content than that in soils with low organic matter among the same soil type. It indicated that organic matter had great adsorption capacity to urease.

Relationships between humic substance-bound mercury contents and soil properties in subtropical zone.

The bioavailability of humic substance-bound mercury (HS-Hg) has been established, while the distribution of HS-Hg in soils in relation to soil properties remains obscure. Path analysis and principal component analysis were employed in present study to investigate how soil factors influence the contents of HS-Hg in soils. Results showed that HS-Hg ranged from 0.