Dioxin emission and distribution from cement kiln co-processing of hazardous solid waste.

Cement kiln collaborative disposal technology can not only dispose of hazardous waste but also provide energy for the cement industry. However, the addition of hazardous waste may promote the formation of dioxins in cement kilns. In this study, typical hazardous solid wastes, such as solidified fly ash, electroplating sludge, and industrial residue, were co-processed in a cement kiln with different feeding positions and different feeding amounts.

Modification of activated carbon using urea to enhance the adsorption of dioxins.

Activated carbon is commonly used to remove dioxins from flue gas via adsorption. Improving the targeted adsorption capacity of activated carbon for dioxins can reduce the consumption of adsorbents and help achieve emission standards for target pollutants. Here, commercial coal-based activated carbon was used as a raw material and modified by urea impregnation along with treatment at high temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere.

[Adsorption Characteristics of Sulfamethazine on Three Typical Porous High-temperature Modified Solid Waste Materials].

Three typical porous solid wastes, including livestock manure, crop straw, and coal mining waste, were used as raw materials to prepare cattle manure charcoal, straw charcoal, and coal gangue charcoal by low-oxygen controlling temperature carbonization and calcination. Batch adsorption experiments of sulfamethazine (SMZ) in water were carried out. Adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption equilibrium were used to investigate the adsorption characteristics of SMZ on cattle dung charcoal, straw charcoal, and coal gangue charcoal, and the adsorption mechanism was discussed by means of field-electron scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Boehm titration, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, and zeta potentiometric titration.

[Effect and Mechanism of Attapulgite and Its Modified Materials on Bioavailability of Cadmium in Soil].

The effect of attapulgite (magnesium aluminium phyllosilicate) and its modified materials on the extractability of soil Cd and the accumulation of Cd in lettuce () were investigated using a pot-culture experiment, and the immobilization mechanism of attapulgite and its modified materials was explored through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that attapulgite and its modified materials could significantly reduce the Cd concentration in , with maximum reductions of 41.0% and 56.

Rabies Cases in the West of China Have Two Distinct Origins.

In China, rabies remains an ongoing threat to public health. Although control efforts have been effective in reducing the number of annual cases, the virus continues to spread into new areas. Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia in western China have, until recently, reported only a handful of events.

Comparative analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms of street rabies virus strains with different virulence levels.

Objective: To characterize two strains of street rabies virus (RABV) isolated from the brain tissue of cattle from Inner Mongolia. Differences in the histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the brain tissue of infected mice were determined to reveal variation in the pathogenesis of infection between street rabies virus strains.

Methods: Ten-day-old mice were intracranially inoculated with one of three virus strains and brain tissue harvested when the mice were moribund.

Human rabies surveillance and control in China, 2005-2012.

Background: Rabies reemerged in China during the 1990s with a gradual increase in the number and geographical dispersion of cases. As a consequence, a national surveillance program was introduced in 2005 to investigate the outbreak in terms of vaccination coverage, PEP treatment, and geographical and social composition.

Methods: The surveillance program was coordinated at the national level by the Chinese Center for Disease Control (CCDC) with data collected by regional health centres and provincial CCDCs, and from other official sources.

[Effects of reclaimed water recharge on groundwater quality: a review].

Reclaimed water recharge to groundwater is an effective way to relieve water resource crisis. However, reclaimed water contains some pollutants such as nitrate, heavy metals, and new type contaminants, and thus, there exists definite environmental risk in the reclaimed water recharge to groundwater. To promote the development of reclaimed water recharge to groundwater and the safe use of reclaimed water in China, this paper analyzed the relevant literatures and practical experiences around the world, and summarized the effects of different reclaimed water recharge modes on the groundwater quality.

[Regional atmospheric environment risk source identification and assessment].

Identification and assessment for atmospheric environment risk source plays an important role in regional atmospheric risk assessment and regional atmospheric pollution prevention and control. The likelihood exposure and consequence assessment method (LEC method) and the Delphi method were employed to build a fast and effective method for identification and assessment of regional atmospheric environment risk sources. This method was applied to the case study of a large coal transportation port in North China.

[Public awareness assessment of water reuse in Beijing].

Reusing reclaimed municipal wastewater to mitigate urban water shortage is gaining widespread attentions. Beijing has led the nation in implementation and close to 60% of the treated municipal wastewater effluent is being reused. We evaluated the public's awareness of water reuse practices throughout the city.

[Model simulation of the transportation, transformation and accumulation of synthetic musks in soils input through recycle water irrigation].

Environmental pollution of synthetic musks HHCB and AHTN, one type of PPCPs, have been attracted great attentions in latest years. One of the main input pathways of HHCB/AHTN to soils is reclaimed water irrigation. In this study, we monitored HHCB and AHTN in soils irrigated by reclaimed water and irrigation water and modeled the transportation and accumulation of HHCB and AHTN in soils using HYDRUS-1D.

[Modeling the Cd accumulation in agricultural soil irrigated with reclaimed water].

Recent years, soil pollution of heavy metal has affected human life seriously, especially in farmland. Heavy metal pollution in farmland is mainly caused by irrigation, fertilizing and atmospheric fallout. As the character of heavy metal input in farmland is chronic and low dosage, application of model would be more suitable than routine methods to illustrate the dynamic changes of heavy metals in soil.

[Effect of reclaimed water irrigation on soil properties and vertical distribution of heavy metal].

Utilization of reclaimed water is one of the important methods to alleviate water shortage. The effect of reclaimed water irrigation on soil is always a concern. To understand the effect of long time reclaimed water irrigation on soil, typical farmland irrigated with reused water was selected.

[Soil salinity in greenland irrigated with reclaimed water and risk assessment].

Compared to drinking water or groundwater, reclaimed water contains more salts. Therefore, the effects of application of reclaimed water on the soil salinity have received great attentions. To evaluate the potential risks posed by long-term reclaimed water irrigation, we collected surface soil samples from urban green lands and suburban farmlands of Beijing represented different irrigation durations.

[Study on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass carbon in greenland irrigated with reclaimed water].

The physicochemical properties of soils might be changed under the long-term reclaimed water irrigation. Its effects on soil biological activities have received great attentions. We collected surface soil samples from urban green spaces and suburban farmlands of Beijing.

[Ecological risks of reclaimed water irrigation: a review].

Wastewater reclamation and reuse have become an important approach to alleviate the water crisis in China because of its social, economic and ecological benefits. The irrigation on urban green space and farmland is the primary utilization of reclaimed water, which has been practiced world widely. To understand the risk of reclaimed water irrigation, we summarized and reviewed the publications associated with typical pollutants in reclaimed water including salts, nitrogen, heavy metals, emerging pollutants and pathogens, systematically analyzed the ecological risk posed by reclaimed water irrigation regarding plant growth, groundwater quality and public health.

[Characterization and potential risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in green space soils of educational areas in Beijing].

Pollution of green space by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in education area may pose a potential impact on the faculty, students, and staffs. To study the characterization, influencing factors, sources and risks of soil PAHs in Beijing educational areas, the concentrations of 16 priority PAH identified by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in green spaces of 20 schools and academies were determined. The total PAHs concentration ranged from 194 microg x kg(-1) to 6 988 microg x kg(-1), with a mean of 1 637 microg x kg(-1).

[Characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil from chemical industrial areas].

Concentrations and composition of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed for prior control by US EPA were detected by analyzing 28 surface soil samples from the chemical industrial areas of Tianjin Binhai New Area with a gas chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Relative concentrations of PAH compounds with different benzene rings and principal component analysis were used to identify the possible sources of soil PAHs. The maximum PAH concentration in all the samples was 5,991.

[Kinetic characteristics of Cd2+ desorption in minerals and soils under simulated acid rain].

The kinetic characteristics of Cd2+ desorption in minerals and soils under simulated acid rain were studied by using the flow-stirred method. It showed that Cd2+ desorption could be described by first-order kinetics. Percents of desorption amounts of Cd2+ calculated were 70%-100% in red soil and goethite, and 25%-50% in latosols and kaolinite.