The expression of CD86 in CD3CD56 NKT cells is associated with the occurrence and prognosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in sepsis patients: a prospective observational cohort study.

The role of CD3CD56 natural killer T (NKT) cells and its co-signaling molecules in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is unknown. In this prospective observational cohort study, we initially recruited 260 septic patients and eventually analyzed 90 patients, of whom 57 were in the SAE group and 37 were in the non-SAE group. Compared to the non-SAE group, 28-day mortality was significantly increased in the SAE group (33.

Computational Study of Single Metal Atom Anchored on Black Phosphorus for Methane Oxidation to Methanol by Nitrous Oxide.

Direct conversion of methane to high-value-added transportable methanol is a great challenge, which requires high energy input to break the strong C-H bond. Developing efficient catalysts for methane oxidation to methanol under mild conditions is of vital importance. In this work, single transition metal atoms (TM=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) anchored on black phosphorus (TM@BP) were studied as catalysts to assist the methane oxidation to methanol by means of first-principles calculations.

Exosome-Derived lncRNA NEAT1 Exacerbates Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Promoting Ferroptosis Through Regulating miR-9-5p/TFRC and GOT1 Axis.

Sepsis can cause sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), but whether SAE was induced or exacerbated by ferroptosis remains unknown. In this study, the rat sepsis model was constructed using the cecal ligation and puncture method. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was measured by Evans blue dye (EBD) in vivo.

Comparison of clinical characteristics in patients with coronavirus disease and influenza A in Guangzhou, China.

Background: This study aims to compare the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics between patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and influenza A (H1N1), and to develop a differentiating model and a simple scoring system.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from patients with COVID-19 and H1N1. The logistic regression model based on clinical and laboratory characteristics was constructed to distinguish COVID-19 from H1N1.

Evaluation of vitamin D storage in patients with chronic kidney disease: Detection of serum vitamin D metabolites using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Background: Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is extremely common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the current clinical testing of vitamin D is based on the recommended serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. The levels of VitD components in CKD patients are rarely reported.

JAK/STAT signaling pathway-mediated microRNA-181b promoted blood-brain barrier impairment by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 in septic rats.

Background: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory relationship between the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, microRNA (miR)-181b and its target genes in sepsis and .

Hypercapnia promotes microglial pyroptosis via inhibiting mitophagy in hypoxemic adult rats.

Background: Hypoxemia is a typical symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome. To avoid pulmonary morbidity, low tidal volume ventilation is often applied. The ventilation strategy will certainly cause hypercapnia.

Hypertonic saline mediates the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling axis in microglia to alleviate ischemic blood-brain barrier permeability by downregulating astrocyte-derived VEGF in rats.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore whether the antibrain edema of hypertonic saline (HS) is associated with alleviating ischemic blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability by downregulating astrocyte-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is mediated by microglia-derived NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.

Methods: The infarct volume and BBB permeability were detected. The protein expression level of VEGF in astrocytes in a transient focal brain ischemia model of rats was evaluated after 10% HS treatment.

Hypercapnia induces IL-1β overproduction via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome: implication in cognitive impairment in hypoxemic adult rats.

Background: Cognitive impairment is one of common complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Increasing evidence suggests that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) plays a role in inducing neuronal apoptosis in cognitive dysfunction. The lung protective ventilatory strategies, which serve to reduce pulmonary morbidity for ARDS patients, almost always lead to hypercapnia.

Hypertonic saline attenuates expression of Notch signaling and proinflammatory mediators in activated microglia in experimentally induced cerebral ischemia and hypoxic BV-2 microglia.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a major disease that threatens human health in ageing population. Increasing evidence has shown that neuroinflammatory mediators play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia injury. Notch signaling is recognized as the cell fate signaling but recent evidence indicates that it may be involved in the inflammatory response in activated microglia in cerebral ischemia.

Hypertonic saline protects brain endothelial cells against hypoxia correlated to the levels of epidermal growth factor receptor and interleukin-1β.

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the protective effect of hypertonic saline (HS) on brain endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions and the relevant underlying mechanism.

Methods: bEnd.3 cells were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury.

Influence of pH, inorganic anions, and dissolved organic matter on the photolysis of antimicrobial triclocarban in aqueous systems under simulated sunlight irradiation.

The photolysis of the antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) in aqueous systems under simulated sunlight irradiation was studied. The effects of several abiotic parameters, including solution pH, initial TCC concentration, presence of natural organic matter, and most common inorganic anions in surface waters, were investigated. The results show that the photolysis of TCC followed pseudo-first-order kinetics.

Hypertonic saline alleviates cerebral edema by inhibiting microglia-derived TNF-α and IL-1β-induced Na-K-Cl Cotransporter up-regulation.

Background: Hypertonic saline (HS) has been successfully used clinically for treatment of various forms of cerebral edema. Up-regulated expression of Na-K-Cl Cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral edema resulting from a variety of brain injuries. This study aimed to explore if alleviation of cerebral edema by 10% HS might be effected through down-regulation of inflammatory mediator expression in the microglia, and thus result in decreased NKCC1 expression in astrocytes in the cerebral cortex bordering the ischemic core.

[Procalcitonin change pattern in patients with septic shock and its relationship with prognosis].

Objective: To investigate procalcitonin (PCT) change pattern in patients with septic shock and its relationship with prognosis.

Methods: Sixty-three septic shock patients were enrolled, and levels of PCT, C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as white blood cell (WBC) on 1st, 3rd, 5th,7th day after admission to intensive care unit (ICU) were checked. Patients were divided into survival group and death group according to 28-day survival result.

Photodegradation of the antimicrobial triclocarban in aqueous systems under ultraviolet radiation.

This work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the degradation of the antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC). We investigated the effects of several operational parameters, including solution pH, initial TCC concentration, photocatalyst TiO₂ loading, presence of natural organic matter, and most common anions in surface waters (e.g.

Determination of trace triclosan in environmental water by microporous bamboo-activated charcoal solid-phase extraction combined with HPLC-ESI-MS.

A sensitive and efficient analytical method for triclosan (TCS) determination in water, which involves enrichment with bamboo-activated charcoal and detection with HPLC-ESI-MS, was developed. The influence of several operational parameters, including the eluant and its volume, the flow rate, the volume andacidity of the sample, and the amount of bamboo-activated charcoal, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linearity of the method was observed in the range of 0.

[Significance of serum procalcitonin levels in the evaluation of severity and prognosis of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome].

Objective: To observe the dynamic changes in serum procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) count in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and their implication in assessment of illness severity and prognosis.

Methods: A prospective case control study was conducted. Seventy-two patients with SIRS in Guangdong General Hospital were enrolled in intensive care unit (ICU) from May, 2010 to June, 2011.

[Effect of hydroxyethyl starch on intracranial pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury].

Objective: To investigate the regulatory effect of hydroxyethyl starch on colloidal osmotic pressure (COP), and its effect on intracranial pressure (ICP) in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods: Twenty four male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and the hydroxyethyl starch group, each n =8. Cerebral I/R model was reproduced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by reperfusion after ischemia for 2 hours.

A comparative study on the efficacy of 10% hypertonic saline and equal volume of 20% mannitol in the treatment of experimentally induced cerebral edema in adult rats.

Background: Hypertonic saline and mannitol are commonly used in the treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) at present. In this connection, 10% hypertonic saline (HS) alleviates cerebral edema more effectively than the equal volume of 20% mannitol. However, the exact underlying mechanism for this remains obscure.

[Relationship between flash visual evoked potential and severity and prognosis in critically ill patients].

Objective: To explore the relationship between flash visual evoked potential (fVEP) and severity and prognosis in critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: Sixty-nine critically ill patients were divided into two groups according to survival (35 cases) or death (34 cases) in 28 days. fVEP, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of survivors were compared with those of nonsurvivors.