Insight into volatile metabolites and key odorants in black teas processed from Jianghua Kucha tea germplasm (Camellia sinensis var. assamica cv. Jianghua).

Jianghua Kucha (JHKC) is an ancient tea germplasm, which presents a high value for resource utilization but was less developed in aroma research. In this study, volatile metabolites in fresh leaves and corresponding black teas of JHKC, along with odorants of JHKC black teas were systematically investigated using stir-bar sorptive extraction in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-olfactometry/MS (GC-O/MS) technologies. A total of 128 and 135 volatile compounds were identified in fresh leaves and black teas, respectively, along with 13 key differential volatile components derived from fatty acids, pigments, glycoside precursors, and the terpene pathway.

Effect of cooking methods on flavor profiles of Xuanwei Ham: Analytical insights into aromatic composition and sensory attributes.

To examine flavor variations in Xuanwei ham due to different cooking methods, we selected one-year cured Xuanwei ham and applied four techniques: dry frying (DF), baking (BA), steaming (ST), and boiling (BO). Organoleptic evaluation revealed ST received the highest overall sensory score. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the total nucleotide content was significantly different ( < 0.

Lanthipeptides from the Same Core Sequence: Characterization of a Class II Lanthipeptide Synthetase from NIES-88.

Class II lanthipeptide synthetases (LanMs) are relatively promiscuous to core peptide variations. Previous studies have shown that different LanMs catalyze identical reactions on the same core sequence fused to their respective cognate leaders. We characterized a new LanM enzyme from NIES-88, MalM, and demonstrated that MalM and ProcM exhibited disparate dehydration and cyclization patterns on identical core peptides.

Protective effect of hyperoside against hydrogen peroxide-induced dysfunction and oxidative stress in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

Oxidative stress can induce apoptosis and decrease activities of osteoblasts. Hyperoside (HYP) is a potent antioxidant derived from Chinese herb. This study aims to evaluate the protective effects provided by HYP to osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

The efficacy and potential mechanism of cnidium lactone to inhibit osteoclast differentiation.

Cnidium lactone is effective in the maintenance of bone mass in various osteoporosis models; however, the precise molecular mechanisms are not understood. In this study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of cnidium lactone on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. Cnidium lactone dose-dependently inhibited osteoclast differentiation and formation, decreased the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts, and downregulated the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes.

[Estimation of Winter Wheat Photosynthesized Carbon Distribution and Allocation Belowground via C Pulse-labeling].

Evaluating the allocation of carbon (C) photosynthesized by winter wheat belowground is essential for C sequestration in soil and crop production. During the four growth stages of winter wheat, i. e.

MicroRNA-645 promotes metastasis of osteosarcoma via targeting tumor suppressor NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2.

Osteosarcoma is the most common non-hematological primary bony malignancy in children and young adults with tumor metastasis being a common event at diagnosis. Understanding the pathogenesis of metastatic osteosarcoma may help identify potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we found that the level of microRNA-645 (miR-645) in osteosarcoma tumor tissues was significantly increased compared with their paired non-tumorous tissues, and was associated with histologic grade, TNM staging, lymph metastasis and distant metastasis.

TIMP-1 suppressed by miR-138 participates in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced osteoblast apoptosis in osteoporosis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-138 in osteoporosis and its underlying mechanism. Hydrogen peroxide (HO) was used to induce osteoporotic injury of osteoblasts. The cell viability and apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells was assessed using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively.

Phenotypic changes of Schwann cells on the proximal stump of injured peripheral nerve during repair using small gap conduit tube.

Dedifferentiation of Schwann cells is an important feature of the response to peripheral nerve injury and specific negative myelination regulators are considered to have a major role in this process. However, most experiments have focused on the distal nerve stump, where the Notch signaling pathway is strongly associated with Schwann cell dedifferentiation and repair of the nerve. We observed the phenotypic changes of Schwann cells and changes of active Notch signaling on the proximal stump during peripheral nerve repair using small gap conduit tubulization.

Crystal structure of poly[[aqua-(μ-2,3-di-hydro-thieno[3,4-][1,4]dioxine-5,7-di-carboxyl-ato-κ:)[μ-di(pyridin-4-yl)sulfane-κ:']zinc] 0.26-hydrate].

The crystal structure of the title polymer, {[Zn(CHOS)(CHNS)(HO)]·0.26HO} , is characterized by a layered arrangement parallel to the plane. The zinc cation is five-coordinated in a slightly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment defined by two pyridine ligands, two carboxyl-ate groups of two thio-phene di-carboxyl-ate ligands, and by one water mol-ecule.

[Effects of Different Agricultural Practices on Soil Carbon Pool in North China Plain].

North China Plain is an important region of grain production.Soil fertility and grain production in this region are significantly influenced by the levels of soil carbon and nitrogen.In order to explore the effects of agricultural practices on the levels of soil carbon and nitrogen,a long-term field experiment was started in 1999 in Quzhou County,Hebei Province.

Role of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 transfection in alleviating osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.

Decreased levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been proven to cause osteoporosis. Gene transfer of IGF-1 offers an attractive technology to treat skeletal metabolic disorders including osteoporosis, but the viral vectors are limited by their high antigenicity and immune response. Our purpose was to investigate the expression of a non-invasive vector, recombinant plasmid enhanced green fluorescent protein-N1 (pEGFP-N1) that transferred IGF-1 gene into ovariectomized (OVX) rats in vivo and evaluate the effect of this therapy on osteoporosis.

[GIS-based analysis of spatio-temporal variability of groundwater nitrate concentration in high-yield region in North China Plain].

Nitrate pollution in groundwater is very widespread in intensive agricultural region. 394 samples from phreatic water wells and 283 samples from confined water wells were collected across Huantai County at the same season of 2002 and 2007, which is representative of high-yield region of North China Plain. The NO3- -N concentration was determined.

2,2-Bis(1H-indol-3-yl)indolin-3-one.

In the title mol-ecule, C(24)H(17)N(3)O, the mean plane of the indolone ring forms dihedral angles of 112.0 (1) and 103.1 (1)° with the planes of the two indole rings.

[Estimating photosynthesized carbon distribution and inputs into belowground in a maize soil following 13C pulse-labeling].

Evaluating the contribution of maize growth to soil organic carbon is important for the understanding of the relationship of farmland carbon balance and agriculture production. 4 times of 13C pulse-labelling were used to estimate the photosynthesized carbon distribution at different development stages (seedling, elongation, heading and grain-filling) in maize-soil system, and quantify the carbon inputs into each part of belowground in whole growth season. The result indicated that the 13C retained aboveground reached its maximum: 80.