[Research Progress on Distribution, Transportation, and Control of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Chinese Soils].

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that have attracted much attention in recent years, which has the characteristics of diverse species, refractory degradation, long-distance transportation, easy bioaccumulation, etc. The distribution, accumulation, and potential toxicity of PFAS in water and organisms have received extensive attention worldwide. However, studies on PFAS distribution and transportation in soil are still hovering at a preliminary stage.

Research progress on residual characteristics, ecological risk, and abatement of fomesafen in farmland soil.

Fomesafen, a long residual diphenyl ether herbicide, is widely used for control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in peanut and soybean fields. With the development of agricultural production mechanization in China, the application of fomesafen has been rising. Long-term and large-scale application leads to obvious residues in the soil.

The abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute lung injury caused by gas explosion.

Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by gas explosion is common, and warrants research on the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, the role of abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis in this process has not been defined. It was hypothesized that the abnormal coagulation and fibrinolysis promoted ALI caused by gas explosion.

Burn Wound Bacteriological Profiles, Patient Outcomes, and Tangential Excision Timing: A Prospective, Observational Study.

Purpose: Because infection can thwart burn healing, microorganisms, their susceptibility patterns, and the effect of tangential excision timing on outcomes of burn patients were examined.

Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted that involved 318 patients with deep second-degree burns from a gas explosion treated in Xinxiang, Henan, China between January 2009 and December 2016. Patient demographic data, culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test results, and outcome variables (resuscitation fluid volume, signs of shock, body temperature, heart rate, and time to wound healing) were analyzed.

[SERS Enhancement Factor Analysis and Experiment of Carbon Nanotube Arrays Coated by Ag Nanoparticles].

To intuitive and accurate quantitatively analyze Raman enhancement of surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate structure, three-dimensional composite structure of silver nanoparticles modified vertically aligned carbon nanotube array is produced by magnetron sputtering and thermal annealing process; Relevant experiments using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) solution as the molecular probes are conducted to analyze surface enhanced Raman enhancement factor (EF), combining with confocal Raman microscopy systems. The result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that a large number of silver nanoparticles are attached onto the tips and sidewalls of the ordered carbon nanotubes array uniformly. EF of the sample which was produced 30 min annealing time and 450 degrees C annealing temperature evaluates to 2.

[Environmental behavior of graphene and its effect on the transport and fate of pollutants in environment].

Graphene is one of the most popular research topics in carbon nanomaterials. Because of its special physical and chemical properties, graphene will have wide applications. As the production and application amount is increasing, graphene will be inevitably released to the environment, resulting in risks of ecological environment and human health.

[Three-dimensional vertically aligned CNTs coated by Ag nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering].

In order to make surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates contained more "hot spots" in a three-dimensional (3D) focal volume, and can be adsorbed more probe molecules and metal nanoparticles, to obtain stronger Raman spectral signal, a new structure based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated by Ag nanoparticles for surface Raman enhancement is presented. The vertically aligned CNTs are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A silver film is first deposited on the vertically aligned CNTs by magnetron sputtering.

[Understanding the treatment of Colles fracture with wrist joint fixation with plaster in flexion-ulnar position].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of wrist joint fixation in flexion-ulnar position for the treatment of Colles fracture.

Methods: From January 1998 to June 2008,120 patients with Colles fracture were treated with wrist joint fixation with plaster in flexion-ulnar position. There were 52 males and 68 females with an average age of 57.

[The epidemiological features of blast injury of lungs caused by gas explosion].

Objective: To investigate the clinical epidemiological features. of blast injury of lungs caused by gas explosion.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 132 cases of blast injury of lungs caused by gas explosion injuries in our hospital from 1990 to 2010 were made, including the information of lung injury, associated injuries, treatment and mortality.

Peripheral nerve injury leads to working memory deficits and dysfunction of the hippocampus by upregulation of TNF-α in rodents.

Patients with chronic pain usually suffer from working memory deficits, which may decrease their intellectual ability significantly. Despite intensive clinical studies, the mechanism underlying this form of memory impairment remains elusive. In this study, we investigated this issue in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain, a most common form of chronic pain.

[Involvement of Toll-like receptor in silica-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha release from human macrophage cell line].

Objective: To characterize the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in silica-induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) from macrophage cell line.

Methods: The human macrophage cell line THP-1 was incubated with silica suspension. Cell media were collected and TNFalpha levels in the supernatants measured with ELISA.

The direction of synaptic plasticity mediated by C-fibers in spinal dorsal horn is decided by Src-family kinases in microglia: the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Previous studies have shown that Src-family kinases (SFKs) are selectively activated in spinal microglia following peripheral nerve injury and the activated SFKs play a key role for the development of neuropathic pain. To investigate the underlying mechanism, in the present study the effect of SFKs on long-term potentiation (LTP) at C-fiber synapses in spinal dorsal horn, which is believed as central mechanism of neuropathic pain, was investigated in adult rats. Electrophysiological data revealed that pretreatment with either microglia inhibitor (minocycline, 200 microM) or SFKs inhibitors (PP2, 100 microM and SU6656, 200 microM) reversed the effect of high frequency stimulation (HFS), that is, HFS, which induces long-term potentiation (LTP) normally, induced long-term depression (LTD) after inhibition of either microglia or SFKs.

Limited BDNF contributes to the failure of injury to skin afferents to produce a neuropathic pain condition.

Although a large body of evidence has shown that peripheral nerve injury usually induces neuropathic pain, there are also clinical studies demonstrating that injury of the sural nerve, which almost only innervates skin, fails to do so. The underlying mechanism, however, is largely unknown. In the present work, we found that the transection of either the gastrocnemius-soleus (GS) nerve innervating skeletal muscle or tibial nerve supplying both muscle and skin, but not of the sural nerve produced a lasting mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in adult rats.

ATP induces long-term potentiation of C-fiber-evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn: the roles of P2X4 receptors and p38 MAPK in microglia.

Many studies have shown that adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as a neurotransmitter, is involved in plastic changes of synaptic transmission in central nervous system. In the present study, we tested whether extracellular ATP can induce long-term potentiation (LTP) of C-fiber-evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn. The results showed the following: (1) ATP at a concentration of 0.

BDNF induces late-phase LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in rat spinal dorsal horn.

Several lines of evidence have shown that in some brain regions brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is important for long-term potentiation (LTP), a synaptic model of memory storage. In the present work we evaluate the role of BDNF in LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn, a synaptic model of pain memory. We found that spinal application of BDNF-induced LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials with a long latency, lasting for >8 h, and the effect was blocked by either tyrosine kinase inhibitor (K252a) or BNDF scavenger (TrkB-Fc).

[Effects and significance of gas explosion on expression of NF-kappaB and ICAM1 in lung tissue of rats].

Objective: To explore the expression of NF-kappaB and ICAM-1 in the gas explosion wounded lung of rats and the relationship.

Methods: Digoxin labeled NF-kappaB was used as probe. In situ hybridization was performed to detect the NF-kappaB mRNA.

[A study on relationship between rat brain tissues hurts of the gas explosion and the expression of protein kinase CamRNA and c-fos gene.].

Objectives: To explore relationship between rat brain tissues hurts of gas explosion and the expression of Protein Kinase C alpha mRNA.

Methods: Build up rat hurt model of gas explosion. In Situ Hybridization (IDH) technique was used to test Protein Kinase C alpha mRNA.