Neural network mapping of gelastic behavior in children with hypothalamus hamartoma.

Background: Hypothalamus hamartomas (HHs) are rare, congenital, tumor-like, and nonprogressive malformations resulting in drug-resistant epilepsy, mainly affecting children. Gelastic seizures (GS) are an early hallmark of epilepsy with HH. The aim of this study was to explore the disease progression and the underlying physiopathological mechanisms of pathological laughter in HH.

Long-term seizure outcome with the surgically remediable syndrome of frontal lobe epilepsy associated with superior frontal sulcus-related dysplasia.

Objective: To assess the long-term outcome of the surgically remediable syndrome of frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) associated with superior frontal sulcus (SFS)-related dysplasia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts and surgical features of 31 patients with drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy in our centers between 2016 and 2018. All patients underwent surgical resection.

Voxel-Based Morphometric MRI Postprocessing-Assisted Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Focal Cortical Dysplasia-Suspected Lesions: Technique and Outcomes.

Background: MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a novel treatment modality for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). However, identifying the location and extent of subtle FCD by visual analysis during MRgLITT remains challenging.

Objective: To introduce voxel-based morphometric MRI postprocessing into the procedure of MRgLITT for FCD-suspected lesions and assess the complementary value of the MRI postprocessing technique for the trajectory design and thermal parameter setting of MRgLITT.

[Identification and Optimization Method of Rainfall-Runoff Pollution Risk Level].

Runoff pollution control is currently a difficult problem in urban water environment protection. The identification of runoff pollution risk into rivers is the key to improve the efficiency of pollution control. By combining landscape patterns and processes and using the landscape pattern index and minimum cumulative resistance model, a set of integrated methods for river rainfall-runoff pollution risk identification and optimization was proposed.

Interictal pattern on scalp electroencephalogram predicts excellent surgical outcome of epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia.

Objective: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) represents an essential cause of drug-resistant epilepsy with surgery as an effective treatment option. This study aimed to identify the important predictors of favorable surgical outcomes and the impact of the interictal scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in predicting postsurgical seizure outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 210 consecutive patients between 2015 and 2019.

Neural networks underlying hyperkinetic seizures: A quantitative PET and SEEG study.

Objective: Hyperkinetic seizures (HKS) are characterized by complex movements that commonly occur during seizures arising from diverse cortical structures. A common semiology network may exist and analyzing the anatomo-electrical mechanisms would facilitate presurgical evaluation. Here, quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) analysis was used to explore the underlying mechanism of HKS.

The electroclinical features and surgical outcomes of inferior perisylvian epilepsy.

Objective: To summarize the clinical and electrophysiological observations of epilepsy originating from the inferior perisylvian cortex, and analyze the potential epileptic networks underlying the semiological manifestations.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with refractory inferior perisylvian epilepsy (IPE) who had undergone resective surgery, and then reviewed the demographic, clinical, neuroelectrophysiological, neuroimaging, surgical, histopathological, and follow-up data of the patients from the respective medical records. The selected patients were then categorized in accordance with the results of semiological analysis.

Stereoelectroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation for hypothalamic hamartoma: Electroclinical patterns and the relationship with surgical prognosis.

Background: Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) guided by stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) has been proved to be a safe method to reduce seizure frequency in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, there are few reports addressing the value and safety of this procedure in hypothalamic hamartoma (HH).

Objective: To present the results of our experience using SEEG-guided RFTC in HH patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, and identify outcome predictors.

The Rolandic operculum generates different semiologies in insulo-opercular and temporal lobe epilepsies.

Purpose: The role of the Rolandic operculum in in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is to produce oroalimentary automatisms (OAAs). In insulo-opercular epilepsy (IOE), the Rolandic operculum may produce perioral muscle clonic or tonic movements or contractions. This paper aims to confirm the symptomatogenic zone of facial symptoms in IOE and to explain this phenomenon.

Epileptogenic network of focal epilepsies mapped with cortico-cortical evoked potentials.

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the spatial extent and functional organization of the epileptogenic network through cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) in patients being evaluated with intracranial stereoelectroencephalography.

Methods: We retrospectively included 25 patients. We divided the recorded sites into three regions: epileptogenic zone (EZ); propagation zone (PZ); and noninvolved zone (NIZ).

Network of ictal head version in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Ictal head version is a common clinical manifestation of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Nevertheless, the location of the symptomatogenic zone and the network involved in head version remains unclear. We attempt to explain these problems by analyzing interictal FDG-PET imaging and ictal stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) recordings in MTLE patients.

Superior Frontal Sulcus Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type II: An MRI, PET, and Quantified SEEG Study.

The superior frontal sulcus (SFS), located in the prefrontal and premotor cortex, is considered as one of the common locations of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). However, the characteristics of seizures arising from this area are incompletely known. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and the epileptic networks of seizures originating from the SFS.

Seizure and cognitive outcomes of posterior quadrantic disconnection: a series of 12 pediatric patients.

To evaluate surgical outcomes and cognitive improvements after posterior quadrantic disconnection (PQD) in children who had medically intractable epilepsy and to compare the various characteristics between the acquired group and the developmental group. Between 2015 and 2017, we retrospectively enrolled all pediatric patients who underwent PQD. We used image post-processing techniques for preoperative evaluation.

Focal cortical dysplasia II-related seizures originate from the bottom of the dysplastic sulcus: A stereoelectroencephalography study.

Objectives: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) II is a frequently observed histopathological substrate in epilepsy surgery. In the present study, we explored the spatial distribution of epileptogenic activities across FCD II lesions using stereoelectroencephalography.

Methods: Patients with histopathologically confirmed type II FCDs and who had at least one depth electrode that go through the wall of the dysplastic sulcus from the surface to the bottom were included.

Symptomatogenic zone and network of oroalimentary automatisms in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Oroalimentary automatisms (OAAs) are common clinical manifestations of medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Nevertheless, the location of the symptomatogenic zone of OAAs remains unclear. The generation mechanism of OAAs also has not been clarified.

Motor cortex stimulation: a systematic literature-based analysis of effectiveness and case series experience.

Background: Aim to quantitatively analyze the clinical effectiveness for motor cortex stimulation (MCS) to refractory pain.

Methods: The literatures were systematically searched in database of Cocharane library, Embase and PubMed, using relevant strategies. Data were extracted from eligible articles and pooled as mean with standard deviation (SD).

Clinical Value of Machine Learning in the Automated Detection of Focal Cortical Dysplasia Using Quantitative Multimodal Surface-Based Features.

To automatically detect focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) lesion by combining quantitative multimodal surface-based features with machine learning and to assess its clinical value. Neuroimaging data and clinical information for 74 participants (40 with histologically proven FCD type II) was retrospectively included. The morphology, intensity and function-based features characterizing FCD lesions were calculated vertex-wise on each cortical surface and fed to an artificial neural network.

Use of an Automated Quantitative Analysis of Hippocampal Volume, Signal, and Glucose Metabolism to Detect Hippocampal Sclerosis.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) with F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) are valuable tools for evaluating hippocampal sclerosis (HS); however, bias may arise during visual analyses. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare MRI and PET post-processing techniques, automated quantitative hippocampal volume (Q-volume), and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) signal (Q-FLAIR) and glucose metabolism (Q-PET) analyses in patients with HS. We collected MRI and FDG-PET images from 54 patients with HS and 22 healthy controls and independently performed conventional visual analyses (CVA) of PET (CVA-PET) and MRI (CVA-MRI) images.

Value of stereo-electroencephalogram in reoperation of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy: a single center, retrospective study.

Purpose: To systematically elucidate the value of stereo-electroencephalogram (SEEG) in the reoperation of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

Methods: Epilepsy patients who had previously undergone a failed operation and agreed to a reoperation were included in this study. The single center retrospective study evaluated the value of SEEG in epileptogenic zones (EZ) lateralization and localization as well as the complications related to the implantation.

Multimodality Image Post-processing in Detection of Extratemporal MRI-Negative Cortical Dysplasia.

To determine the diagnostic value of individual image post-processing techniques in a series of patients who underwent extratemporal operations for histologically proven, MRI-negative focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). The morphometric analysis program (MAP), PET/MRI co-registration and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis of PET (SPM-PET) techniques were analyzed in 33 consecutive patients. The epileptogenic zone (EZ) assumed by MAP, PET/MRI, and SPM-PET was compared with the location of the FCD lesions determined by stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and histopathological study.

Acute Fornix Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Hippocampal Glucose Metabolism in Aged Mice.

Background: A beneficial memory effect of acute fornix deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been reported in clinical studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute changes in glucose metabolism induced by fornix DBS.

Methods: First, the Morris water maze test and novel object recognition memory test were used to confirm declined memory in aged mice (C57BL/6, 20-22 months old).

Endogenous cannabinoid system alterations and their role in epileptogenesis after brain injury in rat.

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most common complications resulting from brain injury, however, antiepileptic drugs usually fail to prevent it. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) plays a pivotal role during epileptogenesis in several animal models. A recent study has shown that a cannabinoid type 1 (CB) receptor antagonist could suppress long-term neuron hyperexcitability after brain injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Hemispheric surgery for refractory epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis with emphasis on seizure predictors and outcomes.

Objective: Conflicting conclusions have been reported regarding several factors that may predict seizure outcomes after hemispheric surgery for refractory epilepsy. The goal of this study was to identify the possible predictors of seizure outcome by pooling the rates of postoperative seizure freedom found in the published literature.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library identified English-language articles published since 1970 that describe seizure outcomes in patients who underwent hemispheric surgery for refractory epilepsy.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Pediatric and Adult Patients with Pharmaco-resistant Epilepsy.

Background: Over past two decades, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been widely used and reported to alleviate seizure frequency worldwide, however, so far, only hundreds of patients with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy (PRE) have been treated with VNS in mainland China. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VNS for Chinese patients with PRE and compare its relationship with age cohort and gender.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed the clinical outcome of 94 patients with PRE, who were treated with VNS at Beijing Fengtai Hospital and Beijing Tiantan Hospital between November 2008 and April 2014 from our database of 106 consecutive patients.