A novel method using a single lumen tube and extraluminal bronchial blocker for one-lung ventilation in severe tracheal stenosis: a case report.

Double-lumen tubes (DLT) and bronchial blockers (BB) are usually used to functionally isolate the lungs during thoracic surgery. However, for patients with tracheal stenosis, management of one lung ventilation (OLV) in the anesthesia is still full of challenges due to mismatching between the trachea lumen and tracheal tube diameter. In the past, a small single-lumen tube (SLT) combined with an endobronchial pediatric BB or extraluminal detached BB of a uninvent obtained successful OLV in patients with tracheal stenosis.

Postoperative 24-h Acute Sleep Deprivation Improves Learning and Memory Through Inhibition of Tau Phosphorylation in the Hippocampal Neurons of Splenectomized Rats.

Purpose: As tau pathology is involved in impaired postoperative learning and memory in rats, we attempted to identify the possible mechanisms by which tau pathology affects postoperative sleep deprivation.

Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups as follows: the Control group, Anaesthesia group, Surgery group, Sleep deprivation (SD) group: 24-h SD with the modified multiple platform method (MMPM), Anaesthesia and SD (ASD) group, and Surgery and SD (SSD) group. Tau396 and FOXQ1 protein expression levels in the hippocampal neurons of all groups were analysed.

MicroRNA-125b mimic inhibits ischemia reperfusion-induced neuroinflammation and aberrant p53 apoptotic signalling activation through targeting TP53INP1.

Background: Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury affects neuronal function through multiple pathogeneses that induce neuroinflammation and cellular apoptosis. The important roles of microRNAs (miRs) in the regulation of spinal cord IR have been recently reported. Among these roles, we investigated whether miR-125b and its downstream targets regulated the p53 signalling network and participated in both inflammation and apoptosis.

Inhibiting aberrant p53-PUMA feedback loop activation attenuates ischaemia reperfusion-induced neuroapoptosis and neuroinflammation in rats by downregulating caspase 3 and the NF-κB cytokine pathway.

Background: Ischaemia reperfusion (IR) induces multiple pathophysiological changes. In addition to its classical role in regulating tumourigenesis, the feedback loop formed by p53 and its driven target p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) was recently demonstrated to be the common node tightly controlling various cellular responses during myocardial IR. However, the roles of the p53-PUMA feedback loop in the spinal cord remain unclear.

Preoperative versus postoperative ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block for improving pain, sleep quality and cytokine levels in patients with open midline incisions undergoing transabdominal gynecological surgery: a randomized-controlled trial.

Background: Nerve block is usually performed before surgery because it inhibits reflection of the skin incision and reduces the amount of intraoperative anesthetic used. We hypothesized that performing rectus sheath block (RSB) after surgery would result in a longer duration of the analgesic effects and have a subtle influence on sleep time after surgery but that it would not decrease the perioperative cytokine levels of patients undergoing gynecological surgery.

Methods: A randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial was conducted from October 2015 to June 2016.

Elevated microRNA-129-5p level ameliorates neuroinflammation and blood-spinal cord barrier damage after ischemia-reperfusion by inhibiting HMGB1 and the TLR3-cytokine pathway.

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) affects microRNA (miR) expression and causes substantial inflammation. Multiple roles of the tumor suppressor miR-129-5p in cerebral IR have recently been reported, but its functions in the spinal cord are unclear. Here, we investigated the role of miR-129-5p after spinal cord IR, particularly in regulating high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 pathway.

Effects of ultrasound-guided stellate-ganglion block on sleep and regional cerebral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial.

Numerous factors could contribute to sleep disturbances in women with breast cancer. We hypothesized that stellate ganglion block (SGB) during surgery would preserve sleep after surgery and increase intraoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO) on the blocked side in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. A randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial was conducted at the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 2016 to September 2016.

Changes in the first postoperative night bispectral index of patients after thyroidectomy with different types of primary anesthetic management: a randomized controlled trial.

Despite major advances in anesthesia management and developments in anesthetic agents, postoperative sleep disturbances remain dissatisfactory for many patients. We hypothesized that propofol might have a subtle influence on sleep after thyroidectomy compared to sevoflurane. A randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial was conducted at the First Hospital of China Medical University from October 2014 to October 2015.

Down-Regulation of CXCL12/CXCR4 Expression Alleviates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Inflammatory Pain via Inhibiting Glial TLR4 Activation in the Spinal Cord.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is important for the pathogenesis of inflammatory reactions and the promotion of pain processing after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in spinal cord. Recently, C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), were demonstrated to be simultaneously critical for inflammatory reactions, thereby facilitating glial activation. However, whether CXCL12/CXCR4 expression can contribute to IR-induced inflammatory pain via spinal TLR4 remained unclear.

Role of autophagy in the bimodal stage after spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Autophagy plays an important role in spinal cord ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its neuroprotective or neurodegenerative role remains controversial. The extent and persistence of autophagy activation may be the critical factor to explain the opposing effects. In this study, the different roles and action mechanisms of autophagy in the early and later stages after I/R injury were investigated in rats.

Changes in First Postoperative Night Bispectral Index After Daytime Sedation Induced by Dexmedetomidine or Midazolam Under Regional Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Objectives: Supplementation of spinal anesthesia with various sedatives is a standard protocol to alleviate patient anxiety associated with the surgical procedure. We hypothesized that, compared with dexmedetomidine, midazolam might have a subtle influence on sleep quality after surgery following elective transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) in elderly male patients.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted at the First Hospital of China Medical University from July 2014 to January 2015.

miR-320a affects spinal cord edema through negatively regulating aquaporin-1 of blood-spinal cord barrier during bimodal stage after ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Background: Spinal cord edema is a serious complication and pathophysiological change after ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. It has been demonstrated closely associated with bimodal disruption of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) in our previous work. Aquaporin (AQP)1 plays important but contradictory roles in water homeostasis.

Changes in postoperative night bispectral index of patients undergoing thoracic surgery with different types of anaesthesia management: a randomized controlled trial.

This study hypothesized that different types of anaesthesia management would result in similar postoperative sleep quality. In this prospective single-blind investigation, 219 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery were randomized into three arms: general anaesthesia, as the control group (group C); general anaesthesia combined with thoracic epidural anaesthesia (TEA) (group E); and general anaesthesia combined with infusion of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (group D). Plasma samples were obtained to measure the amine and inflammatory cytokine concentrations.

Preoperative versus postoperative ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block for improving pain, sleep quality and cytokine levels of patients with open midline incisions undergoing transabdominal gynaecological operation: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Rectus sheath block (RSB) is used for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with midline incision. Preoperative RSB has been shown to be effective, but it has not been compared with postoperative RSB. The aim of the present study is to evaluate postoperative pain, sleep quality and changes in the cytokine levels of patients undergoing gynaecological surgery with RSB performed preoperatively versus postoperatively.

The effects of thoracic epidural analgesia on oxygenation and pulmonary shunt fraction during one-lung ventilation: an meta-analysis.

Background: The aim of our study is to compare the effects of thoracic epidural analgesia combined with general anesthesia (GA) vs. general anesthesia on oxygenation and pulmonary shunt fraction during one-lung ventilation (OLV).

Methods: Literature research was firstly conducted for studies related to comparison of epidural anesthesia combined with GA vs.

Dexmedetomidine attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier disruption induced by spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Background/aims: Dexmedetomidine has beneficial effects on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury to the spinal cord, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of dexmedetomidine on blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption induced by spinal cord I/R injury.

Methods: Rats were intrathecally pretreated with dexmedetomidine or PBS control 30 minutes before undergoing 14-minute occlusion of aortic arch.

MiR-27a ameliorates inflammatory damage to the blood-spinal cord barrier after spinal cord ischemia: reperfusion injury in rats by downregulating TICAM-2 of the TLR4 signaling pathway.

Background: Spinal cord ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury causes inflammation and subsequently increases blood-spinal cord barrier leakage and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway activation. MicroRNAs (miRs) effectively regulate numerous target mRNAs during ischemia. However, their roles during IR injury are poorly understood.

Sevoflurane inhibits nuclear factor-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammatory lung injury via toll-like receptor 4 signaling.

Background: Infection is a common cause of acute lung injury (ALI). This study was aimed to explore whether Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play a role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and potential mechanisms.

Methods: In vivo: A sensitizing dose of LPS (50 µg) was administered i.

Sevoflurane preconditioning ameliorates neuronal deficits by inhibiting microglial MMP-9 expression after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion in rats.

Background: Microglia are the primary immune cells of the spinal cord that are activated in response to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and release various neurotrophic and/or neurotoxic factors to determine neuronal survival. Among them, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which cleaves various components of the extracellular matrix in the basal lamina and functions as part of the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB), is considered important for regulating inflammatory responses and microenvironmental homeostasis of the BSCB in the pathology of ischemia. Sevoflurane has been reported to protect against neuronal apoptosis during cerebral IR.