Etomidate enhances cerebellar CF-PC synaptic plasticity through CB1 receptor/PKA cascade in vitro in mice.

Etomidate (ET) is a widely used intravenous imidazole general anesthetic, which depresses the cerebellar neuronal activity by modulating various receptors activity and synaptic transmission. In this study, we investigated the effects of ET on the cerebellar climbing fiber-Purkinje cells (CF-PC) plasticity in vitro in mice using whole-cell recording technique and pharmacological methods. Our results demonstrated that CF tetanic stimulation produced a mGluR1-dependent long-term depression (LTD) of CF-PC excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), which was enhanced by bath application of ET (10 µM).

Etomidate Modulates the Tactile Stimulation-Evoked Field Potential Responses in Cerebellar Granule Cell Layer in vivo in Mice.

Etomidate (ET) produces sedation by binding on the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. We previously found that ET inhibited cerebellar Purkinje cells activity via both GABAA and glycine receptors in vivo in mice, suggesting that ET modulated sensory information synaptic transmission in cerebellar cortex. In this study, we investigated the effect of ET on the sensory stimulation-evoked responses in the cerebellar granule layer (GL) in urethane-anesthetized mice, using electrophysiological and pharmacological methods.

Propofol enhances facial stimulation-evoked responses in the cerebellar granule cell layer via NMDA receptor activation in mice in vivo.

We recently reported that propofol depressed facial stimulation-evoked gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission at cerebellar molecular layer interneuron-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses in mice in vivo, but facilitated excitatory parallel fiber inputs onto PCs. Here, we examine the effects of propofol on cerebellar granule cell layer (GCL) responses to facial stimulation in urethane-anesthetized mice, using electrophysiological and pharmacological methods. Cerebellar surface perfusion of propofol (50-1000μM) facilitated field potentials evoked in the cerebellar GCL by air-puff stimulation of the ipsilateral whisker pad, shown by increases in the half-width and area under the curve (AUC) of the stimulus onset response (Ron).

Effects of Propofol on the Dynamic Properties of Sensory Information Processing in the Mouse Cerebellar Cortical Molecular Layer in vivo.

Propofol is a global central nervous system depressant that affects information processing in the central nervous system. However, the effects of propofol on sensory information processing in the cerebellar cortical molecular layer are unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of propofol on the dynamics of sensory stimulation-evoked responses in the cerebellar molecular layer in urethane-anesthetized mice, using electrophysiological and pharmacological methods.

Propofol facilitates excitatory inputs of cerebellar Purkinje cells by depressing molecular layer interneuron activity during sensory information processing in vivo in mice.

Propofol is a rapid-acting sedative-hypnotic medication that has been widely used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia; it has specific actions on different areas of the brain, such as sensory information transmission in the somatosensory cortex. However, the effects of propofol on the properties of sensory stimulation-evoked responses in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) are currently unclear. In the present study, we studied the effects of propofol on facial stimulation-evoked responses in cerebellar PCs and molecular level interneurons (MLIs) in urethane-anesthetized mice using electrophysiological and pharmacological methods.

Propofol depresses cerebellar Purkinje cell activity via activation of GABA(A) and glycine receptors in vivo in mice.

Propofol is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic agen, which causes rapid and reliable loss of consciousness. Under in vitro conditions, propofol activates GABAA and glycine receptors in spinal cord, hippocampus and hypothalamus neurons. However, the effects of propofol on the cerebellar neuronal activity under in vivo conditions are currently unclear.

Effect of gabazine on sensory stimulation train evoked response in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells.

Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) respond to sensory stimulation via climbing fiber and mossy fiber-granule cell pathways, and generate motor-related outputs according to internal rules of integration and computation. However, the dynamic properties of sensory information processed by PC in mouse cerebellar cortex are currently unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABA(A)) antagonist, gabazine, on the stimulation train on the simple spike firing of PCs by electrophysiological recordings method.

Leptin's effect on accelerated fracture healing after traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To investigate mechanisms behind the faster rehabilitation of limb fractures when associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: New Zealand rabbits were divided into TBI group and sham-operation group for four studies as follows: (1) blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were drawn on days 1, 3, and 7 to demonstrate changes in serum leptin, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and CSF leptin; (2) bone defection was created by drilling in the tibial bone and either leptin or normal saline was injected into rabbit's cerebellomedullary cistern. X-ray was taken at 1 days, 2 weeks, and 5 weeks and evaluated by criteria to determine rate of bone healing; (3) FITC-labeled rabbit leptin was injected into TBI and sham-operation groups, and frozen sections of rabbit brain were observed to identify differences in central nervous system (CNS) leptin by fluorescence; (4) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of leptin production by brain tissue.

Effects of stresscopin on rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons in vitro.

The effects of stresscopin (SCP) on rat paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons were examined using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and single-cell reverse-transcription multiplex polymerase chain reaction (SC-RT-mPCR) techniques. Under current-clamp conditions, bath application of SCP (100 nM) induced inhibition in 35.2% (37/105) of putative magnocellular neurons and 24.