Interleukin-23 Secreted by Activated Macrophages Drives γδT Cell Production of Interleukin-17 to Aggravate Secondary Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: Neuroinflammation plays a key role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury, but the specific roles of peripheral inflammatory cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of macrophages, T lymphocytes, and the cytokines they secrete as potential targets for treating secondary brain injury after ICH.

Methods And Results: Our results showed that peripheral macrophages and T lymphocytes successively infiltrated the brain, with macrophage counts peaking 1 day after ICH and T-lymphocyte counts peaking after 4 days.

Toll-Like Receptor 4/MyD88-Mediated Signaling of Hepcidin Expression Causing Brain Iron Accumulation, Oxidative Injury, and Cognitive Impairment After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: Disturbance of brain iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in oxidative brain injury and cognition impairment. Hepcidin plays an important role in regulating iron metabolism, and we have reported that serum hepcidin is positively correlated with poor outcomes in patients with ICH. However, the roles of hepcidin in brain iron metabolism after ICH remain largely unknown.

Safety and Efficacy of Wingspan Stenting for Severe Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Stenosis of the Middle Cerebral Artery: Analysis of 278 Continuous Cases.

Objective: Our objective is to investigate the safety and long-term efficacy of the Wingspan stent (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA) for treating severe atherosclerotic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA).

Methods: A total of 278 consecutive patients from our stroke database with clinical symptoms within the prior 90 days and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis of 70% or above of the MCA were enrolled in this study between September 2012 and November 2014, and these patients were followed until the end of June 2015. The endpoint events included any stroke or death within 30 days after stenting and any subsequent ipsilateral ischemic stroke.

Regulatory T cells ameliorate intracerebral hemorrhage-induced inflammatory injury by modulating microglia/macrophage polarization through the IL-10/GSK3β/PTEN axis.

Inflammation mediated by the peripheral infiltration of inflammatory cells plays an important role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induced secondary injury. Previous studies have indicated that regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) might reduce ICH-induced inflammation, but the precise mechanisms that contribute to ICH-induced inflammatory injury remain unclear. Our results show that the number of Tregs in the brain increases after ICH.

Association of CYP2C19 Polymorphisms with the Clinical Efficacy of Clopidogrel Therapy in Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting in Asia.

The CYP2C19 gene plays a detrimental role in the metabolism of clopidogrel. This study aimed to investigate the association between CYP2C19 polymorphisms and the clinical efficacy of clopidogrel therapy in patients who have undergone carotid artery stenting (CAS). CYP2C19 genotype screening was performed on 959 ischemic stroke patients.

Serum hepcidin concentrations correlate with serum iron level and outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Iron plays a detrimental role in the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain damage, while hepcidin is the most important iron-regulated hormone. Here, we investigate the association between serum hepcidin and serum iron, outcome in patients with ICH. Serum samples of 81 cases with ICH were obtained on consecutive days to detect the levels of hepcidin, iron, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).