[Factors Affecting Nitrate Concentrations and Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotope Values of Effluents from Waste Water Treatment Plant].

Urban domestic sewage is one of the important nitrate (NO) sources for surface water; however, their NO concentrations and nitrogen and oxygen isotope values (N-NO and O-NO) remain unclear, and the factors affecting NO concentrations and N-NO and O-NO values of effluents in the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) are still unknown. Water samples in the Jiaozuo WWTP were collected to illustrate this question. Influents, clarified water in the secondary sedimentation tank (SST), and effluents of the WWTP were sampled every 8 h.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Retrospective Study.

(1) Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is widely performed in bariatric surgery. However, the prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms after LSG remain unclear to date. This study aimed to identify risk factors of GERD after LSG.

Dimeric zanamivir conjugates with various linking groups are potent, long-lasting inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase including H5N1 avian influenza.

The synthesis, antiviral and pharmacokinetic properties of zanamivir (ZMV) dimers 8 and 13 are described. The compounds are highly potent neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors which, along with dimer 3, are being investigated as potential second generation inhaled therapies both for the treatment of influenza and for prophylactic use. They show outstanding activity in a 1 week mouse influenza prophylaxis assay, and compared with ZMV, high concentrations of 8 and 13 are found in rat lung tissue after 1 week.

Potent and long-acting dimeric inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase are effective at a once-weekly dosing regimen.

Dimeric derivatives (compounds 7 to 9) of the influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir (compound 2), which have linking groups of 14 to 18 atoms in length, are approximately 100-fold more potent inhibitors of influenza virus replication in vitro and in vivo than zanamivir. The observed optimum linker length of 18 to 22 A, together with observations that the dimers cause aggregation of isolated neuraminidase tetramers and whole virus, indicate that the dimers benefit from multivalent binding via intertetramer and intervirion linkages. The outstanding long-lasting protective activities shown by compounds 8 and 9 in mouse influenza infectivity experiments and the extremely long residence times observed in the lungs of rats suggest that a single low dose of a dimer would provide effective treatment and prophylaxis for influenza virus infections.

Highly potent and long-acting trimeric and tetrameric inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase.

A set of trimeric and tetrameric derivatives 6-11 of the influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir 1 have been synthesized by coupling a common monomeric zanamivir derivative 3 onto various multimeric carboxylic acid core groups. These discrete multimeric compounds are all significantly more antiviral than zanamivir and also show outstanding long-lasting protective activity when tested in mouse influenza infectivity experiments.

An orally bioavailable oxime ether capsid binder with potent activity against human rhinovirus.

A series of capsid-binding compounds was screened against human rhinovirus (HRV) using a CPE based assay. The ethyl oxime ether 14 was found to have outstanding anti-HRV activity (median IC(50) 4.75 ng/mL), and unlike the equivalent ethyl ester compound 3 (Pirodavir), it has good oral bioavailability, making it a promising development candidate.