The therapeutic mechanism of Compound Lurong Jiangu Capsule for the treatment of cadmium-induced osteoporosis: network pharmacology and experimental verification.

Background: Among bone diseases, osteoporosis-like skeleton, such as trabecular thinning, fracture and so on, is the main pathological change of cadmium-induced osteoporosis(Cd-OP), accompanied by brittle bone and increased fracture rate. However, the mechanism underlying cadmium-induced osteoporosis has remained elusive. Compound Lurong Jiangu Capsule (CLJC) is an experienced formula for the treatment of bone diseases, which has the effect of tonifying kidney and strengthening bones, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain.

To explore the mechanism of acupoint application in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea by 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics.

Graphene-based warm uterus acupoint paste (GWUAP) is an emerging non-drug alternative therapy for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea (PD), but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. SD female rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and treatment group to explore the mechanism of GWUAP in the treatment of PD. Combined with 16S rDNA and fecal metabolomics, the diversity of microbiota and metabolites in each group was comprehensively evaluated.

Acupoint application therapy alleviates pain by regulating immune function through inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling in a primary dysmenorrhea rat model.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of graphene-based warm uterus acupoint paste on uterine Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear transcription factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) signaling pathway and Th1/Th2 immune balance in primary dysmenorrhea ( PD ) model rats, so as to reveal its immunological mechanisms of relieving dysmenorrhea.

Methods: Thirty SD female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups：normal group, model group and acupoint paste group, with 10 rats in each group. PD rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate for 10 consecutive days.

Copper-Catalyzed Aryne Insertion into the Carbon-Iodine Bond of Heteroaryl Iodides.

Aryne insertions into the carbon-iodine bond of heteroaryl iodides has been achieved for the first time. This novel reaction provides an efficient pathway for the synthesis of valuable building blocks 2-iodoheterobiaryls from heteroaryl iodides and o-silylaryl triflates in excellent regioselectivity. The copper(I) catalyst, which bears a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, is essential to accomplish the reaction.

Genetic diversity and temporal changes of an endemic cyprinid fish species, , from the upper reaches of Yangtze River.

Small populations with low genetic diversity are prone to extinction. Knowledge on the genetic diversity and structure of small populations and their genetic response to anthropogenic effects are of critical importance for conservation management. In this study, samples of , an endemic cyprinid fish from the upper reaches of Yangtze River, were collected from five sites to analyze their genetic diversity and population structure using mitochondrial cytochrome gene and 14 microsatellite loci.

Synthesis, Anti-inflammatory Activities and Mechanisms of 3,5- dihydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives.

Background: 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid and its derivatives exhibit numerous biologic activities. Such activities have not previously been reported for 3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. In this study, ten derivatives of 3,5- dihydroxycinnamic acid were synthesized and their anti-inflammatory activities were tested in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-induced mouse ear edema.

Seasonal variation in drifting eggs and larvae in the upper Yangtze, China.

From 5 March to 25 July 2008, ichthyoplankton drifting into the Three Gorges Reservoir from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were sampled daily to investigate the species composition, abundance, and seasonal variation in early-stage fishes in this area. Twenty-eight species belonging to five orders and 17 families or subfamilies were identified by analyzing fish eggs and larvae, and a total of 14.16 billion individuals were estimated drifting through the sampling section during the investigation.

[Species composition, diversity and density of small fishes in two different habitats in Niushan Lake].

This paper studied the spatial distribution of small fishes in a shallow macrophytic lake, Niushan Lake in spring 2003, and its relations with habitat heterogeneity. Based on the macrophyte cover condition, distance from lake shore and water depth, two representative habitat types in the lake were selected. Habitat A was near the shore with dense submersed macrophyte, while habitat B was far from the shore with sparse submersed macrophyte.

[Process, mechanism, and research method of fish invasion].

Fish invasion has become a serious environmental and economic damage, and obtained a priority concern by the conservation ichthyologists and land managers. A better understanding of the invasive mechanisms is of significance in developing ecological theories and in controlling exotic pests. In this paper, the progress in studying the mechanisms of fish invasion was reviewed, involving the biological characteristics of exotic fish, their adaptive evolution, interactions among exotic and indigenous fish, and relationships between species diversity and community resistance to invasion, etc.