HIF-1α and adaptor protein LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains protein 1 axis promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis by interacting with vimentin in angiotensin II-induced hypertension.

Background And Purpose: Activation of the renin-angiotensin system, as a hallmark of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is the key pathophysiological factor contributing to the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains protein 1 (LIMS1) plays an essential role in controlling of cell behaviour through the formation of complexes with other proteins. Here, the function and regulation of LIMS1 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension and tubulointerstitial fibrosis was investigated.

Long noncoding RNA protein-disulfide isomerase-associated 3 regulated high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy through targeting miR-139-3p.

Background: Podocyte apoptosis plays a vital role in proteinuria pathogenesis in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The regulatory relationship between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and podocyte apoptosis has recently become another research hot spot in the DN field.

Aim: To investigate whether lncRNA protein-disulfide isomerase-associated 3 (Pdia3) could regulate podocyte apoptosis through miR-139-3p and revealed the underlying mechanism.

Medial Septal Glutamatergic Neurons Modulate States of Consciousness during Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Mice.

Background: Multiple neural structures involved in maintaining wakefulness have been found to promote arousal from general anesthesia. The medial septum is a critical region that modulates arousal behavior. This study hypothesized that glutamatergic neurons in the medial septum play a crucial role in regulating states of consciousness during sevoflurane general anesthesia.

Medial septum glutamatergic neurons modulate nociception in chronic neuropathic pain via projections to lateral hypothalamus.

The medial septum (MS) contributes in pain processing and regulation, especially concerning persistent nociception. However, the role of MS glutamatergic neurons in pain and the underlying neural circuit mechanisms in pain remain poorly understood. In this study, chronic constrictive injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) surgery was performed to induce thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in mice.

Risk factors for difficult mask ventilation and difficult intubation among patients undergoing pharyngeal and laryngeal surgery.

Background: The prediction of difficult mask ventilation (DMV) and difficult intubation (DI) are key questions in anesthesia fields. DMV or DI related to pharyngeal and laryngeal diseases are a special kind of difficult airways. However, there is a lack of risk factors for prediction.

Alteration of neural activity and neuroinflammatory factors in the insular cortex of mice with corneal neuropathic pain.

Dry eye disease (DED) affects nearly 55% of people worldwide; several studies have proposed that central sensitization and neuroinflammation may contribute to the developing corneal neuropathic pain of DED, while the underlying mechanisms of this contribution remain to be investigated. Excision of extra orbital lacrimal glands established the dry eye model. Corneal hypersensitivity was examined through chemical and mechanical stimulation, and open field test measured the anxiety levels.

Understanding the Neural Mechanisms of General Anesthesia from Interaction with Sleep-Wake State: A Decade of Discovery.

The development of cutting-edge techniques to study specific brain regions and neural circuits that regulate sleep-wake brain states and general anesthesia (GA), has increased our understanding of these states that exhibit similar neurophysiologic traits. This review summarizes current knowledge focusing on cell subtypes and neural circuits that control wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-REM sleep, and GA. We also review novel insights into their interactions and raise unresolved questions and challenges in this field.

RIPK1/RIPK3-Mediated Necroptosis is Involved in Sevoflurane-Induced Neonatal Neurotoxicity in the Rat Hippocampus.

Recent studies have shown that exposure to sevoflurane in developing brains causes neuronal apoptosis and cognitive dysfunction. "Necroptosis" is a novel pathway of necrosis. We introduced the caspase-specific inhibitor Z-VAD in addition to the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) inhibitor Nec-1, to ascertain the existence and importance of necroptosis.

Nucleus accumbens neurons expressing dopamine D1 receptors modulate states of consciousness in sevoflurane anesthesia.

Although general anesthesia (GA) enables patients to undergo surgery without consciousness, the precise neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have yet to be identified. In addition to many studies over the past two decades implicating the thalamus, cortex, brainstem, and conventional sleep-wake circuits in GA-induced loss of consciousness (LOC), some recent studies have begun to highlight the importance of other brain areas as well. Here, we found that population activities of neurons expressing dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a critical interface between the basal ganglia and limbic system, began to decrease before sevoflurane-induced LOC and gradually returned after recovery of consciousness (ROC).

Sevoflurane depresses neurons in the medial parabrachial nucleus by potentiating postsynaptic GABA receptors and background potassium channels.

Despite persistent clinical use for over 170 years, the neuronal mechanisms by which general anesthetics produce hypnosis remain unclear. Previous studies suggest that anesthetics exert hypnotic effects by acting on endogenous arousal circuits. Recently, it has been shown that the medial parabrachial nucleus (MPB) is a novel wake-promoting component in the dorsolateral pons.

[Research progress on chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Periplocae Cortex and predictive analysis on Q-marker].

Periplocae Cortex is a traditional Chinese medicine in China, which is mainly produced in northeast China, north China, northwest China, southwest China. In recent years, the increasing in-depth research resulted in the discovery of anti-tumor and cardiac pharmacological activities of Periplocae Cortex, which has broad application prospects. On the basis of summarizing chemical components and pharmacological effects, combined with the theoretical system of Q-marker, the quality control components of Periplocae Cortex were predicted from the aspects of the correlation between chemical composition and traditional medicinal properties, traditional efficacy, and new clinical use, plasma composition, measurable composition, storage time by analyzing literature.

Synthesis and characterization of luminescent SiO @Eu(phen-Si) core-shell nanospheres.

Four core-shell structured nanometre luminescent composites with different kernel sizes and different shell layer thicknesses (SiO @Eu (phen-Si) , SiO @Eu (phen-Si) , SiO @Eu (phen-Si) and SiO @Eu (phen-Si) ) were made by changing synthesis conditions. Here, initial subscript numbers in parentheses refer to the particle size of the SiO core, whereas the final subscript numbers in parentheses refer to shell layer thickness. In these composites, silica spheres of 500 nm or 250 nm were identified as the core.

Influence of citrate on phase transformation and photoluminescence properties in LaPO and LaPO:Eu.

The hexagonal and monoclinic phase LaPO and LaPO:Eu nanostructures have been controllably synthesized by a citrate-induced hydrothermal process at 100 °C. The crystal growth of LaPO nanostructures was investigated, and the phase transformation of nanostructured LaPO was systematically studied by varying the citrate concentration, pH value and reaction temperature. When 0.

Preparation, characterization and luminescence properties of core-shell ternary terbium composites SiO@Tb(MABA-Si)•L.

Two novel core-shell structure ternary terbium composites SiO@Tb(MABA-Si)·L(L:dipy/phen) nanometre luminescence materials were prepared by ternary terbium complexes Tb(MABA-Si)·L·(ClO)·2HO shell grafted onto the surface of SiO microspheres. And corresponding ternary terbium complexes were synthesized using (CONH(CH)Si(OCHCH)) (denoted as MABA-Si) as first ligand and L as second ligand coordinated with terbium perchlorate. The as-synthesized products were characterized by means of IR spectra, HNMR, element analysis, molar conductivity, SEM and TEM.

Comparison Between the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway and Laryngeal Mask Airways Under General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The complication rate and efficacy of the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway (CobraPLA) and laryngeal mask airways (LMAs®) have been evaluated in the published literature, but the conclusions have been inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was thus to assess the performance of the CobraPLA and LMAs under general anesthesia. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials comparing the CobraPLA with LMAs under general anesthesia.

Synthesis, characterization and luminescence of europium perchlorate with MABA-Si complex and coating structure SiO @Eu(MABA-Si) luminescence nanoparticles.

This article reports a novel category of coating structure SiO @Eu(MABA-Si) luminescence nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of a unique organic shell, composed of perchlorate europium(III) complex, and an inorganic core, composed of silica. The binary complex Eu(MABA-Si) ·(ClO ) ·5H O was synthesized using HOOCC H N(CONH(CH ) Si(OCH CH ) ) (MABA-Si) and was used as a ligand. Furthermore, the as-prepared silica NPs were successfully coated with the -Si(OCH CH ) group of MABA-Si to form Si-O-Si chemical bonds by means of the hydrolyzation of MABA-Si.

Airway Complications during and after General Anesthesia: A Comparison, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Using Flexible Laryngeal Mask Airways and Endotracheal Tubes.

Objective: Flexible laryngeal mask airways (FLMAs) have been widely used in thyroidectomy as well as cleft palate, nasal, upper chest, head and neck oncoplastic surgeries. This systematic review aims to compare the incidence of airway complications that occur during and after general anesthesia when using the FLMA and endotracheal intubation (ETT). We performed a quantitative meta-analysis of the results of randomized trials.

Icariin, a major constituent of flavonoids from Epimedium brevicornum, protects against cognitive deficits induced by chronic brain hypoperfusion via its anti-amyloidogenic effect in rats.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is considered to be a pivotal contributing factor of cognitive impairments that occur in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease, and ideal drug treatment for these diseases is unavailable. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the protective effects of icariin, a major constituent of flavonoids from the Chinese medicinal herb Epimedium brevicornum, on cognitive impairments and neuronal morphological damage induced by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCAO) in rats, and further explore the potential mechanisms. This study found that BCCAO could induce cognitive deficits and neuronal morphological damage, along with deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in rat hippocampus.

A time series observation of Chinese children undergoing rigid bronchoscopy for an inhaled foreign body: 3,149 cases in 1991-2010.

Background: In China, tracheobronchial foreign body (TFB) aspiration, a major cause of emergency episode and accident death in children, remains a challenge for anesthetic management. Here, we share our experience and discuss the anesthetic consideration and management of patients with TFB aspiration.

Methods: This was a single-institution retrospective study in children with an inhaled foreign body between 1991 and 2010 that focused on the complications following rigid bronchoscopy (RB).

Fluorescence enhancement of europium (III) perchlorate by 1,10-phenanthroline on the 1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(phenylsulthio)ethanone complex and luminescence mechanism.

A novel ligand, 1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(phenylsulthio)ethanone was synthesized using a new method and its two europium (Eu) (III) complexes were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, coordination titration analysis, molar conductivity, infrared, thermo gravimetric analyzer-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), (1)H NMR and UV spectra. The composition was suggested as EuL5 · (ClO4)3 · 2H2O and EuL4 · phen(ClO4)3 · 2H2O (L = C(10)H(7)COCH(2)SOC(6)H(5)).

Luminescence enhancement of terbium(III) perchlorate by 2,2'-dipyridyl on bis(benzylsulfinyl)methane complex and luminescence mechanism.

A novel ternary complex, Tb(2)L4 · L'·(ClO4)6 · 8H2O, has been synthesized using bis(benzylsulfinyl)methane as the first ligand L and 2,2'-dipyridyl as the second ligand L'. The ternary complex was characterized by element analysis, molar conductivity, coordination titration analysis, infrared, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetric and ultraviolet spectra. The results indicated that the composition of the complex was Tb2 L4 · L'·(ClO4)6 · 8H2O (L = C(6)H(5)CH(2) SOCH(2)SOCH(2)C(6)H(5); L' = Dipy).

Fluorescence enhancement of europium(III) perchlorate by benzoic acid on bis(benzylsulfinyl)methane complex and its binding characteristics with the bovine serum albumin (BSA).

A novel ligand with double sulfinyl groups, bis(benzylsulfinyl)methane L, was synthesized by a new method. Its novel ternary complex, EuL2.5⋅L'·(ClO4)2⋅5H2O, has been synthesized [using L as the first ligand, and benzoic acid L' as the second ligand], and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, coordination titration analysis, FTIR, TG-DSC, (1)H NMR and UV-vis.

[Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescence properties of CePO4 : Tb flower-like clusters].

Tb(3+)-doped CePO4 flower-like clusters were hydrothermally synthesized without using any template or surfactant by varying the reactant Tb3+ cation concentration. It was observed that the flower-like clusters were composed by nanowires with a diameter of about 80-90 nm and lengths up to 1 microm. The structures, morphologies, sizes and luminescence properties of the products were studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM), and luminescence spectra.

Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and placebo on emergence agitation after strabismus surgery in children.

Background: Children undergoing strabismus surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia often experience emergence agitation (EA) and postoperative vomiting (POV). This study compared the effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and placebo on postoperative EA and POV.

Methods: Eighty-four children (aged two to seven years) undergoing elective strabismus surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 28 each).