[Using changes of left cardiac functional parameters and CPET evaluated the clinical effectiveness of individualized precise exercise overall program management of chronic disease I --Analysis between groups].

To explore and study the clinical usefulness of continuous dynamic recording of left cardiac function changes forevaluation the improvement in patients with chronic disease after 3 months of intensive control of individualized precision exercise overall manage program. From 2018 to 2021, 21 patients with chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular metabolic diseases mainly controlled by our team were selected to complete the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and Non-invasive synchronous cardiac function detector (N-ISCFD), electrocardiogram, radial pulse wave, jugular pulse wave and cardiogram data were continuously recorded for 50s.According to the titration results under CPET and continuous functional parameters monitoring, a holistic plan with individualized moderate exercise intensity as the core was developed for 3 months of intensive management, and then N-ISCFD data collection was repeatedafter signing the informed consent.

[Clinical observation and research on the use of precise electromagnetic power meter (arm dynamometer) for upper limbs to evaluate the holistic function of cardiopulmonary metabolism].

Subjects used upper limb (arm dynamometer) and lower limb precision electromagnetic power meter (cycle ergometer) to perform symptom-restricted limit cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Then we analyzed the clinical value of arm ergometer CPET. The upper limb and lower limb precision electromagnetic power meters were used to complete the CPET in two different days for 6 normal people and 9 chronic patients.

[Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)to evaluate the efficacy after intensive control of personalized precise exercise training for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular chronic diseases].

To study the symptom-restricted extreme cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate the improvement of the overall function of patients with long-term chronic diseases after intensive control of personalized precise exercise training for 3 months. We selected 20 patients with chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular metabolic diseases who were intensively controlled by our team from 2014 to 2016. After signing the informed consent form, based on the results of CPET and continuous functional tests, we formulated the overall management plan with individualized moderate exercise intensity as the core.

[The characteristics of core parameters during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with hypertrophy cardiomyopathy].

The patients with Hypertrophic CardioMyopathy (HCM), characterized by hypertrophy of the myocardium with a high risk of sudden death, was less clear for the exercise pathophysiology. Under the guidance of holistic integrative physiology and medicine (HIPM), the ramp protocol symptom-limited CardioPulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) is the only method to evaluate the overall functional status of human body. We investigated the CPET pathophysiology in patients with HCM.

[Results and analysis of pulmonary function examination in 76 698 cases of physical examination crowd in Henain Province].

Pulmonary function testing (PFT) and electrocardiograph (ECG) are the vital components of the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). This study is to investigate clinical characteristics of abnormal PFT as pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, small airway dysfunction and gas exchange (diffusion) dysfunction. Across-sectional study was conducted The 76 698 outpatient subjects who received health examination from December 2016 to February 2019 in Henan Provincial People's Hospital were recruited.

[Two types of exercise-induced abnormal blood pressure response in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

Insufcient exercise blood pressure response(blunted ABPR) and lower blood pressure during the recovery period (LBP)after exercise are common abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The purpose of this study was to analyze the related factors of these two types of abnormal blood pressure response in HCM patients and their relationship with cardiopulmonary function. A total of 219 consecutive HCM patients who underwent CPET in Fuwai hospital were recruited from April 1, 2018 to Jan 31, 2020 with a complete clinical assessment, including electrocardiography, HOLTER, rest echocardiography and cardiac MRI.

[Individualization analysis of pulse wave shape characteristics before and after single precise power exercise in young healthy subjects].

To observe and study the resting radial artery pulse wave and the pulse wave changes after a single individualized exercise in young healthy normal subjects. We selected 16 young healthy graduate students, advanced training doctors, and visiting scholars from Fuwai Hospital without any disease diagnosis and low daily exercise. They first completed the symptom-restricted limit cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

[Preliminary report on partial pressure changes of oxygen and carbon dioxide in umbilical artery and vein before and after the first breath in Chinese neonates II-The personalized analysis of partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide difference between umbilical artery and vein at same time in same newborn].

In order to explore the mechanism of neonatal spontaneous breathing, the difference of oxygen and carbon dioxide between umbilical cord arteries and veins before the start of spontaneous breathing after birth has been analyzed among people. In this part, the related information is analyzed individually. After all fetal parents signed the informed consent before birth, and before the newborn was born and did not breathe, the umbilical cord was exposed as quickly as possible, and the heparinized arterial indwelling needle was inserted into the umbilical artery and umbilical vein in the direction of newborn and placenta, and then blood was taken continuously.

[Preliminary report on partial pressure changes of oxygen and carbon dioxide in umbilical artery and vein before and after the first breath in Chinese neonates I-The group difference of partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide between umbilical artery and vein in newborns].

The fetus has no actual respiration, and the newborn begins to breathe after birth. We assume that the first breath dominantly generated by hypoxia. In this study, the changes and lowest limit of blood oxygen partial pressureof umbilical artery (PuaO) after chemoreceptor were analyzed to explore the mechanism of neonatal spontaneous breathing.

[The preliminary report of investigation: Using mask for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in Chinese children may result misinterpretation and misdiagnosis].

Observe the increased anatomical dead space of the mask, summarize the law of exercise induced oscillatory breathing (EIOB) in the results of CPET's new 9 figure, and analyze its incidence and age groups that are prone to oscillatory breathing. After signed the informed consent form by guardian, 501 children from pre-school to middle-school, aged 3~14 year, performed Harbor-UCLA standard protocol CPET with strict quality control in the CPET laboratory of Liaocheng Children's Hospital since 2014. CPET data was interpreted second by second from the breath by breath collection, averaged by 10s and then display by 9 plots.

[The new theory CPET guides the overall plan of individualized precision exercise to effectively improve the overall functional status of "frailty"].

Under the guidance of the new theory of holistic integrated physiology and medicine, the effect of individualized accurate exercise program on the overall functional state was studied according to cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Li xx, female, 31 years old, has a fast heart rate since childhood (90~100 bpm), usually feel cold, especially in autumn and winter, and general health good. CPET was performed after signing the informed consent form at Fuwai Hospital in September 2019.

[Effects of cardiac rehabilitation protocol centered with personalized - exercise training on further improvement of holistic function in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention].

To investigate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation protocol centered with personalized - exercise training (ET) on further improvement of holistic function in patients with stable angina after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 20 patients who were diagnosed with stable angina in Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital from June 2016 to December 2019, were randomly divided into control group (n=10) and ET group (n=10). All patients were received PCI selectively.

[Individualized analysis of pulse wave shape before and after a single accurate power exercise in patients with long-term chronic diseases].

To observe and study the resting radial artery pulse wave and changes after a single individualized exercise in patients with long-term chronic diseases. We selected 16 patients with chronic disease (disease duration ≥5 years) who have been clearly diagnosed as hypertension and/or diabetes and/or hyperlipemia, and first completed the symptom-restricted limit cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Then a single individualized exercise with Δ50% power as the exercise intensity was completed within one week after CPET.

[A clinical research report on the pathophysiological characteristics of exercise in patients with mitral regurgitation].

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was used to investigate the exercise pathophysiology of mitral regurgitation. 26 patients with moderate and severe mitral regurgitation who completed standardized extreme exercise CPET under strict quality control after signing informed consent since 2016, and 11 normal subjects in the same period as the control group. The core indexes of CPET were analyzed and calculated according to the standard method and compared with normal subjects for intergroup statistical independent sample t-test.

[Max test verify further clinical research for whether individualized symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing is the maximum extreme exercise].

To verify that the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performed by clinical subjects is the maximum extreme exercise, we designed The Max test（Max）during clinical CPET. We used Max to verify the accuracy of the quantitative CPET evaluation result, and whether it is feasible and safe to use the specific value of a certain index as the standard for stopping CPET. Two hundred and sixteen cases from Fuwai Hospital were selected during June 2017 to January 2019,including 41 healthy person（control group） and 175with cardiovascular diseases（patient group）,The patients had a CPET peak RER ≤ 1.

[Preliminary analysis of the influence of breathing on heart rate variability in chronically ill patients with sleep apnea].

Based on the hypothesis that respiration causes variability of circulatory indicators proposed by the holistic integrated physiology and medicine theory, the correlation between respiration and heart rate variability during sleep in chronically ill patients with abnormal sleep breathing is analyzed. Eleven chronically ill patients with abnormal sleep breathing and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15 times/hr are recruited. After signing the informed consent, they completed the standardized symptomatic restrictive extreme exercise cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and sleep breathing monitoring Calculate and analyze the rules of respiratory nasal airflow and ECG RR interval heart rate variability during the oscillatory breathing (OB) phase and the normal steady breathing phase of the patient during sleep, and use the independent sample t test to compare with normal people and no sleep breathing abnormalities in the same period in this laboratory.

[A preliminary report on the variation of respiratory heart rate during sleep in normal subjects and patients with chronic diseases without sleep apnea].

The new theory of holistic integrative physiology and medicine, which describes the integrative regulation of respiratory, circulatory and metabolic systems in human body, generates the hypothesis of that breath is the origin of variability of circulatory parameters. We investigated the origin of heart rate variability by analyzing relationship between the breath and heart rate variability (HRV) during sleep. This retrospective study analyzed 8 normal subjects (NS) and 10 patients of chronic diseases without sleep apnea (CDs-no-SA).

[Effect of different work rate increasing rate on the overall function evaluation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing II- sub-peak parameters].

To observe the effect of healthy volunteers different work rate increasing rate cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on the sub-peak parameters . Twelve healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to a moderate (30 W/min), a relatively low (10 W/min) and relatively high (60 W/min) three different work rate increasing rate CPET on different working days in a week. The core indicators related to CPET sub-peak exercise of 12 volunteers were compared according to standard Methods: anaerobic threshold (AT), oxygen uptake per unit power (ΔVO/ΔWR), oxygen uptake eficiency plateau,（OUEP), the lowest average of 90 s of carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent (Lowest VE/ VCO), the slope of carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent (VE/ VCO Slope) and intercept and anaerobic threshold oxygen uptake ventilation efficiency value (VO/ VE@AT) and the anaerobic threshold carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent value (VE/ VCO@AT).

[Effect of different work rate increasing rate on the overall function evaluation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing I-peak parameters and changes in respiratory exchange rate].

To observe the effect of healthy volunteers different work rate increasing rate cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on the peak exercise core indicators and the changes of respiratory exchange rate (RER) during exercise, to explore the effect of different work rate increasing rate on CPET peak exercise related indicators. Twelve healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to a moderate (30 W/min), a relatively low (10 W/min) and relatively high (60 W/min) three different work rate increasing rate CPET on different working days in a week. The main peak exercise core indicators of CPET data: VO, VCO, work rate (WR), breathe frequency(Bf), tidal volume (VT), ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), Oxygen pulse(OP), exercise time and RER for each period of CPET were analyzed using standard methods.