Peripheral intravenous therapy infiltration and extravasation (PIVIE) risks in 11 006 paediatric surgery inpatients in China: a retrospective observational study.

Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with peripheral intravenous therapy infiltration and extravasation (PIVIE) in paediatric surgery inpatients.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary general hospital in Sichuan, China. Logistic regression was employed to identify independent risk factors predictive of PIVIE.

Nocturnal enuresis in children: Parents' perspectives.

Aim: Parents of children with nocturnal enuresis (NE) may have uncertainty and anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the level of uncertainty and anxiety in the parents of children with NE and analyse its influencing factors.

Design: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among the parents of children with NE in China.

Expression of SOCSs and TLRs in the hippocampus of pentylenetetrazole kindling model.

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, and approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy are resistant to anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Recent emerging evidence has demonstrated the roles of innate immunity and the associated inflammatory processes in epilepsy. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a type of pattern-recognition receptor that promote innate immune defense.

GSK-3β may be involved in hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting in the pentylenetetrazole-kindling model.

Mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) is a pathological phenomenon that is commonly observed in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MFS remain unclear. It has been demonstrated that the tau protein is important in the progression of MFS by the regulation of microtubule dynamics and axonal transport, with all of these functions of tau modulated by its site-specific phosphorylation.

Potential roles of Cdk5/p35 and tau protein in hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting in the PTZ kindling model.

Background: The most well-documented synaptic reorganization associated with temporal lobe epilepsy is mossy fiber sprouting (MFS), which is believed to play a critical role in epileptogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase which is found to be crucial in axon growth and synaptic plasticity.

Mossy fiber sprouting, hippocampal damage and spontaneous recurrent seizures in pentylenetetrazole kindling rat model.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the correlations among hippocampal damage, spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), and mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling model.

Methods: Chronic epileptic model was established by administration of PTZ. Behaviour and EEG seizure activity were recorded.