Integrative multi-omics and network pharmacology reveal the mechanisms of Fangji Huangqi Decoction in treating IgA nephropathy.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Fangji Huangqi Decoction (FJHQD), a classical Chinese herbal formulation, has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), although its mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Aim Of The Study: This study aims to investigate the renal protective mechanisms of FJHQD using an integrated approach that combines transcriptomics, proteomics, and network pharmacology.

Methods: Renal glomerular structure changes were assessed via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining.

A fluorescence method for determination of glucose transport by intestinal BBMV of common carp.

Epithelial brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) were isolated from the intestine of common carp and studied systematically by enzyme activity, transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting. The uptake time course and the substrate concentration effect were assessed, and then, the ability of phlorizin and cytochalasin B to inhibit uptake was analyzed. The results show that sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and Na-K-ATPase activities in these vesicles were enriched 7.