Successful robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for giant renal hilum angiomyolipoma through the retroperitoneal approach: A case report.

Background: Giant renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) may lead to complications including flank pain, hematuria, hypertension, retroperitoneal hemorrhage and even death. Giant AMLs which grow around renal hilar vessels and the ureter are rare. Most previous reports on the treatment of giant renal AMLs have focused on open surgery or a transperitoneal approach, with few studies on the retroperitoneal approach for large AMLs.

[Suprapubic lipectomy with a "Ω" incision for buried penis in obese adult men].

Objective: To investigate the application of suprapubic lipectomy with a "Ω" incision to removal of the prepubic fat pad for the management of buried penis in obese adult patients.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 20 obese adult patients with buried penis treated by suprapubic lipectomy via a "Ω" incision between August 2016 and September 2019.

Results: The operations were successfully completed in all the cases, with a mean operation time of 3.

Treatments of Peyronie's disease with Scutellaria baicalensis and surgery according to the disease course: a single-center retrospective study of 261 patients.

Background: Oral medication therapies are more conventional than other non-surgical therapies in the acute phase of Peyronie's disease (PD). Although the commonly used oral drugs for PD have shown poor or indeterminate outcomes, most patients prefer oral medications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Scutellaria baicalensis extract for treating acute-phase PD patients and examine the practicality of treatment strategies for PD according to the disease course.

Staged male genital reconstruction with a local flap and free oral graft: a case report and literature review.

Background: Male genital skin loss is a common disease in urology. However, male genital skin loss accompanying a penile urethra defect is rarely reported. Herein, we describe a novel surgical technique using a composite local flap and oral mucosal graft to reconstruct the penis, which may provide a new solution for patients with similar conditions.

[Effects of different medications with tadalafil on erectile dysfunction in males with primary sexual failure].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of three different medications with tadalafil on erectile dysfunction (ED) in young men with primary sexual failure.

Methods: This study included 76 male ED patients aged 21－35 years who had primary sexual failure but normal nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity and failed to respond to psychotherapy. We randomly assigned them to receive oral tadalafil once daily, on demand, or once-daily + on-demand.

Losartan Preserves Erectile Function by Suppression of Apoptosis and Fibrosis of Corpus Cavernosum and Corporal Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats.

Background/aims: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays important roles in penile corporal fibrosis and veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD). Angiotensin II (Ang II) is critically involved in erectile dysfunction, and blocking of Ang II is more important than inhibition of TGF-β in non-penile tissue fibrosis. However, the role of Ang II in corporal fbrosis and CVOD in a diabetic condition has not been investigated.

[Surgical repair and reconstruction of male external genitals].

One of the challenges in andrology nowadays is the diagnosis and treatment of external genital abnormalities and defects along with the consequent voiding, sexual, and reproductive dysfunctions, for which no guidelines are yet available. Hitherto, surgical repair and reconstruction are efficient for these diseases. The key to these operations is to individualize surgical strategies according to the specific local lesion and dysfunction, usually involving flap and graft techniques.

Differential effects of peripheral and transitional prostatic stromal cells on tumorigenesis.

The human prostate contains two types of stromal cells, peripheral stromal cells (PSCs) and transitional stromal cells (TSCs). Here, we demonstrate the effects of PSCs and TSCs on tumorigenesis in prostate cancer (PCa) and identify the mechanisms underlying these effects. Using microarray analysis, we identified 3,643 differentially expressed genes in cocultures of TSCs, PSCs, and DU145 cells, a human prostate cancer cell line.

P144, A TGF-β1 antagonist peptide, synergizes with sildenafil and enhances erectile response via amelioration of cavernosal fibrosis in diabetic rats.

Introduction: Patients with diabetes exhibit more severe erectile dysfunction (ED) and are less responsive to first-line oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i). It has been suggested that increased collagen deposition and reduced smooth muscle content in the corpus cavernosum are important mechanisms for diabetes-associated ED and that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent fibrotic factor responsible for the structural alterations in the corpus cavernosum.

Aims: The aims of this study are to determine whether activation of TGF-β1 and its downstream pathways is responsible for the reduced efficacy of the PDE5is in diabetic ED via abnormalities in cavernosal structures and to investigate the synergistic effects of the TGF-β1 antagonist P144 and sildenafil on erectile response.

Surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease by modified 16-dot placation in China.

Objective: To assess the long-term patient's satisfaction and functional results of surgical correction for Peyronie's disease (PD) patients with penile curvature by 16-dot minimal tension placation and its modification in Chinese population.

Patients And Methods: Between August 2004 and December 2008, 32 patients with PD underwent surgical correction of penile curvature by 16-dot minimal tension placation and its modification. Indications for operation included PD patients with penile curvature, adequate erectile capacity, difficulty or inability to vaginal penetration.

A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing plasmakinetic resection of the prostate with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate based on a 2-year followup.

Purpose: We compared plasmakinetic resection with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia by analyzing 2-year followup data from a prospective randomized clinical trial.

Materials And Methods: A total of 280 patients were randomly treated with plasmakinetic resection or holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. Perioperative and postoperative outcome data were obtained during a 2-year followup.

Management of lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with neurological disorders.

The proper performance of the lower urinary tract is dependent on an intact neural innervation of the individual structures involved. Therefore, any congenital neurological anomalies, diseases, or lesions of the central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous systems can result in lower urinary tract symptoms. Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) secondary to neurological disorders can significantly reduce quality of life (QoL) and may also give rise to serious complications and psychological and social sequelae.

An improved morcellation procedure for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

Purpose: We modified the conventional morcellation procedure for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), and its outcomes are presented in this article.

Materials And Methods: As 395 patients were included, the conventional morcellation procedure was performed in the first 100 cases (group 1, cases 1-100), and an improved procedure was used in the last 100 cases (group 2, cases 296-395). The improved morcellation process has three steps to execute.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition improves erectile function by activation of nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in diabetic rats.

Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction-induced abnormalities of the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway in the corpus cavernosum are thought to be the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction (ED). Recent studies have shown that the poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathway plays a critical role in diabetic endothelial dysfunction.

Aim:   The aim of this study is to determine whether activation of the PARP pathway is involved in diabetic cavernosal endothelial dysfunction and abnormalities of the NO/cGMP pathway.

Effects of level of consciousness on urodynamic procedure in female cats.

Urodynamic evaluation is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure that can cause physical distress and is difficult to perform in uncooperative patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of consciousness on urodynamic evaluation in an animal model. Repeated cystometry, electromyogram, and measurement of serum cortisol concentrations were performed in female cats under conscious (CON), conscious sedation (CS) and deep anesthesia (DA) conditions.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is involved in the development of diabetic cystopathy via regulation of nuclear factor kappa B.

Objectives: To investigate whether overactivated Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and subsequent activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) correlate with the development of diabetic cystopathy via induction of bladder apoptosis. Diabetic cystopathy as a common complication of diabetes is frequently associated with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis of the bladder. PARP is activated by hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and plays a critical role in cell apoptosis and the development of diabetic complications, such as retinopathy and nephropathy.

PARP inhibition prevents oxidative injury of bladder induced by acute urinary retention and subsequent emptying.

It has been demonstrated that increases in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity causes damage to several organs under ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) conditions. The aims of this study were to investigate whether inhibition of PARP could suppress apoptosis in the bladder following acute urinary retention (AUR) and subsequent bladder emptying. Twelve-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a control group, saline treated group, and 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB, a specific PARP inhibitor)-treated group.

PARP inhibition restores erectile function by suppressing corporal smooth muscle apoptosis in diabetic rats.

Introduction: An important mechanism suggested to be responsible for diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction (ED) involves increased apoptosis, increased collagen deposition, and reduced smooth muscle content in the corpus cavernosum.

Aim: To determine whether the activation of the pro-apoptotic poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathway is involved in the induction of corporal apoptosis, and whether the administration of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), a specific PARP inhibitor, could ameliorate ED in diabetic rats.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8-weeks-old) were randomly divided into three groups: age-matched controls (C), diabetic controls (DM), and 3-AB-treated diabetic group (DM + 3-AB).

Time dependent bladder apoptosis induced by acute bladder outlet obstruction and subsequent emptying is associated with decreased MnSOD expression and Bcl-2/Bax ratio.

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in the functional impairment of the bladder following acute bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) via induction of apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of the bladder apoptosis, and apoptosis related molecular changes in the early stage of acute BOO. Twelve-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, acute BOO only (I), and acute BOO plus subsequent emptying (I/R) for 30, 60, 120 min, 3 days and 2 weeks.

Diabetic cystopathy is associated with PARP/JNK/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-mediated bladder apoptosis.

Aims: Diabetic cystopathy, a common complication of diabetes, is frequently associated with an increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis of the bladder. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is activated under such conditions of oxidative stress, and plays a critical role in cell apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the activation of PARP and subsequent activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway are involved in the development of diabetic cystopathy.

Chronic treatment with an oral rho-kinase inhibitor restores erectile function by suppressing corporal apoptosis in diabetic rats.

Introduction: It has been suggested that the up-regulation of the contractile RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway is one of the important mechanisms for diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the exact role of RhoA/ROCK signaling in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related ED has not been fully delineated.

Aim: To determine whether the RhoA/ROCK pathway is involved in the regulation of corporal apoptosis and whether administration of insulin or fasudil, a specific ROCK inhibitor, could ameliorate ED in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Chronic treatment with a type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor suppresses apoptosis of corporal smooth muscle by potentiating Akt signalling in a rat model of diabetic erectile dysfunction.

Objectives: To examine whether chronic treatment with a type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE5I) could suppress corporal apoptosis via potentiation of Akt signalling in diabetic erectile dysfunction.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (12 wk old) were divided into three groups (n=12 in each): normal control, diabetes (DM), and diabetes treated with PDE5I (DM+PDE5I). The rats in the diabetic groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg), and from 8 wk after establishment of diabetes, DM and DM+PDE5I were treated with vehicle and PDE5I (SK-3530, 10mg/kg), respectively, for 4 wk.

[Surgery for scapular neck displaced fracture].

Objective: To study the appropriate approach and method of fixation in the surgery for scapular neck displaced fracture.

Methods: Fourteen patients with serious step-off displacement of glenoid rim, with a distance of 3 cm (2 approximately 4 cm) involving fresh scapular neck fracture, all located from the superior scapular notch to glenoid armpit rim and passing through the mesoscapula, all of the type II according to the Miller's system, 10 males and 4 females, aged 33 (21 - 60). The surgical indications included a distance of step-off displacement exceeding 1 cm and a time between the injury and operation of 3 - 10 days.