Augmented machine learning for sewage quality assessment with limited data.

Physical, chemical, and biological processes within sewers significantly alter sewage composition during conveyance. This leads to the formation of sulfide and methane-compounds that contribute to sewer corrosion and greenhouse gas emissions. Reliable modeling of these compounds is essential for effective sewer management, but the development of machine learning (ML) models is hindered by differences in data accessibility and sampling frequencies of water quality variables.

tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs): establishing their dominance in the regulation of human cancer.

The main function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is to carry amino acids into the ribosome and synthesize proteins under the guidance of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In addition to this, it has been observed that tRNAs undergo precise cleavage at specific loci, giving rise to an extensive array of distinct small RNAs, termed tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). Existing studies have shown that tsRNAs are widely present across various organisms and comprehensively regulate gene expression, aberrant expression of tsRNAs is inextricably linked to tumorigenesis and development, thus, a systematic understanding of tsRNAs is necessary.

High frequency of melanoma in /.

Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer characterized by high therapy resistance, has undergone extensive investigation through the utilization of BRAF-driven melanoma animal models. However, there exists a paucity of animal models for the rare hereditary melanoma resulting from germline mutations. Here, employing CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated on a knockout background to model human germline mutation-induced hereditary melanoma.

Type I collagen extracellular matrix facilitates nerve regeneration via the construction of a favourable microenvironment.

Background: The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides essential physical support and biochemical cues for diverse biological activities, including tissue remodelling and regeneration, and thus is commonly applied in the construction of artificial peripheral nerve grafts. Nevertheless, the specific functions of essential peripheral nerve ECM components have not been fully determined. Our research aimed to differentially represent the neural activities of main components of ECM on peripheral nerve regeneration.

SlTCP29 and SlTCP24 participate in the morphological development of tomato compound leaves by integrating multiple pathways.

Leaves are the primary vegetative organs of plants, and their morphology is an important trait affecting plant architecture, light energy utilization, environmental adaptation, and fruit quality and yield. Leaf development is highly flexible; however, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of factors coordinating leaf morphogenesis and differentiation remains limited. In this study, we obtained a double mutant for SlTCP29 and SlTCP24 genes from the CRISPR/Cas9 mutant population, both belonging to the CINCINNATA-like TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED, CYCLOIDEA and PCF1/2) transcription factor subfamily.

Robust Damage-Sensing and Corrosion-Warning Polymeric Coatings: a New Approach to Visually Monitor the Degradation Dynamics of Coated Mg-Alloys.

Corrosion and degradation of magnesium (Mg) alloy result in serious damage and limit its application in new-energy automobile industry. Considerable protective coating is proposed, yet it is hindered by the difficulties in avoiding and visually monitoring coating micro-damage and localized metal corrosion. Herein, a novel anticorrosion coating system with autonomously monitoring multiple levels of damages in coated Mg-alloy system, is proposed.

Mitigating Crosstalk by Slurry Additive Toward 5 V Cobalt-Free LiNiMnO Cathode.

LiNiMnO (LNMO), with its spinel symmetry, emerges as a promising cathode material for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nonetheless, the vulnerability of LNMO to interfacial degradation, particularly electrolyte breakdown during high-voltage operation, compromises its long-term cycling performance. To overcome this longstanding challenge, a slurry additive-polyester-urethane-acrylate (PEUA)-to form a multi-functional ultra-thin electrode coating, enhancing the lifespan and energy density of LIBs is introduced.

Role of eosinophil counts in mediating the association between asthma and colon cancer.

Background: Epidemiological findings regarding the association between asthma and the risk of colon cancer (CC) are inconsistent. The causality and potential molecular mechanisms underlying asthma, eosinophil count, and CC remain unknown.

Methods: We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causality between asthma and CC and attempted to demonstrate that asthma indirectly affects CC mediated by eosinophil count through mediation analysis.

The long noncoding RNA ALEX1 confers a functional phase state of ARF3 to enhance rice resistance to bacterial pathogens.

Rice bacterial blight is a devastating disease worldwide, causing significant yield losses. Understanding how plants defend against microbial infection is critical for sustainable crop production. In this study, we show that ALEX1, a previously identified pathogen-induced long noncoding RNA, localizes to the nucleus and directly binds AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3 (ARF3).

Map-based cloning revealed BhAPRR2 gene regulating the black peel formation of mature fruit in wax gourd (Benincasa hispida).

Map-based cloning revealed BhAPRR2, encoding a two-component response-regulating protein that regulates the black peel formation of mature fruit in wax gourd. Wax gourd is an economically significant vegetable crop, and peel color is a crucial agronomic trait that influences its commercial value. Although genes controlling light green or white peel have been cloned in wax gourd, the genetic basis and molecular mechanism underlying black peel remain unclear.

A novel hybrid model for predicting tertiary lymphoid structures and targeted immunotherapy outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study.

Objective: To develop a novel hybrid model for preoperative prediction of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to identify patients who may benefit from postoperative targeted immunotherapy.

Methods: Retrospective data were gathered from 332 patients with HCC who underwent surgical resection and gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) enhanced MRI at two tertiary hospitals (training cohort, n = 205; internal validation cohort, n = 90; and external validation cohort, n = 37) between March 2020 and January 2023. Radiomic features were extracted from Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI sequences.

Consensus on COVID-19 vaccine recommendations: Challenges and strategies for high-risk populations in Taiwan.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact globally, particularly in high-risk populations such as those with underlying health conditions. In response to the evolving pandemic landscape and the recent surge in confirmed cases in Taiwan, the Taiwan Association of Family Medicine (TAFM) established a consensus on COVID-19 vaccine recommendations for vulnerable groups through a comprehensive literature review, expert panel discussions, and a practice-oriented formulation procedure to develop evidence-based guidance. Its key findings highlight the increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes among individuals with disorders such as diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory illness.

UPicker: a semi-supervised particle picking transformer method for cryo-EM micrographs.

Automatic single particle picking is a critical step in the data processing pipeline of cryo-electron microscopy structure reconstruction. In recent years, several deep learning-based algorithms have been developed, demonstrating their potential to solve this challenge. However, current methods highly depend on manually labeled training data, which is labor-intensive and prone to biases especially for high-noise and low-contrast micrographs, resulting in suboptimal precision and recall.

New insights into ultrasound-assisted noncovalent nanocomplexes of β-lactoglobulin and neochlorogenic acid/cryptochlorogenic acid and its potential application for curcumin loading.

The cross-linking sites and structure of protein-polyphenol complexes are susceptible to the type, structure, weight of polyphenols under nonthermal process. The low bioavailability and poor gastrointestinal instability of curcumin (CUR) hampers its application. Hence, changes in binding mechanism, structural and functional properties between β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) with two different configurations of chlorogenic acids (neochlorogenic acids (3-CQA) and cryptochlorogenic acids (4-CQA) by non-covalent binding under ultrasonic treatment, and the potential capacity for loading CUR were researched.

A comprehensive study on fermentation and aroma contributions of Torulaspora delbrueckii in diverse wine varieties: Insights from pure and co-fermentation studies.

As a well-commercialized and utilized non-Saccharomyces yeast, Torulaspora delbruineckii is gaining increasing relevance in the winemaking industry. However, its ability to produce distinctive aromas in wine has been inconsistently reported in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation performance and aroma properties of T.

Development of Reference Material of White Granulated Sugar.

Background: White granulated sugar, a significant commodity in bulk trade and widely used raw material, plays a crucial role in the food, energy, and medicine industries. A certified reference material (CRM) of white granulated sugar provides a valuable tool for monitoring and maintaining the safety and quality of white granulated sugar and other related products. The colorimetric value, conductivity ash, sucrose content, and reducing sugar content serve as essential factors that determine the quality of white granulated sugar.

Associations of frailty with survival, hospitalization, functional decline, and toxicity among older adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Among older adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy, frailty indices predict OS and toxicity. Given the increased use of immunotherapy and targeted therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC), we evaluated frailty and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) among older adults with aNSCLC receiving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapy.

Methods: Patients aged ≥ 65 with aNSCLC starting systemic therapy with non-curative intent underwent geriatric assessments over 6 months.

Chronic kidney disease and thyroid hormones.

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and significantly impacts renal outcomes and mortality. This study investigated the associations between thyroid function and clinical outcomes, and also the therapeutic effects of thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) in CKD patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the China Renal Data System.

Temperature and plant-available soil phosphorus drive intraspecific variation in plant economic traits of Schima superba across an elevation gradient.

Background And Aims: The whole-plant economics spectrum (PES) describes coordination between organ-level traits that together determine resource use strategies and is relevant for understanding plant responses to environmental change. Whereas coordination between organs has previously been explored across species, it remains unclear whether patterns observed across species hold within species. In addition, the key driving forces underlying this coordination warrant clarification.

Air Pollution, Genetic Susceptibility, and the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmias: A prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.

Aims: Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). However, the extent to which genetic susceptibility modifies the effects of air pollutants on the risk of VAs remains poorly understood.

Methods: This study included 491,305 participants without VAs at baseline from UK Biobank.

Domain generalization for mammographic image analysis with contrastive learning.

The deep learning technique has been shown to be effectively addressed several image analysis tasks in the computer-aided diagnosis scheme for mammography. The training of an efficacious deep learning model requires large data with diverse styles and qualities. The diversity of data often comes from the use of various scanners of vendors.

Isoliquiritin targeting m5C RNA methylation improves mitophagy in doxorubicin-induced myocardial cardiotoxicity.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial cardiotoxicity (DIC) severely limits its clinical application, and there is no optimal therapeutic agent available. Recent studies revealed that activation of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and the inhibition of m5C RNA methylation played a crucial role in DIC. Isoliquiritin (ISL) has remarkable cardiac protective effect.