, a replacement name for M.N.Wang (Orchidaceae).

According to Articles 53.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code), M.N.

Phylogenetic incongruence in orchids.

, which includes approximately 80 species, is one of the most ornamental and cultivated orchid genera. However, a lack of markers and sparse sampling have posed great challenges to resolving the phylogenetic relationships within the genus. In the present study, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships by utilizing one nuclear DNA (nrITS) and seven plastid genes (, , , , , , and ) from 70 species (varieties) in .

The complete chloroplast genome of (Orchidaceae).

belongs to tribe Coelogninae in Orchidaceae distributed in Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan. Here, we report the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome and the cp genome features of The complete cp genome sequence of is 159,292 bp in length and presented a typical quadripartite structure including one large single-copy region (LSC, 87,515 bp), one small single-copy region (SSC, 20,999 bp), and two inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,389 bp each). The cp genome encoded 141 genes, of which 108 were unique genes (80 protein-coding genes, 24 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs).

Complete chloroplast genome of (Orchidaceae).

H. G. Reichenbach ex André is an endemic herb with ornamental and medicinal orchid value distributed in Southeast of Yunnan of China.

The complete chloroplast genome of (Orchidaceae).

Lindl. is an endangered species of Orchidaceae and distributed in China and Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Vietnam. Here, we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence and the cp genome features of The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of is 156,327 bp in length and including one large single-copy region (LSC, 85,404 bp), one small single-copy region (SSC, 20,021 bp), and two inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,426 bp).

Flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant flexible polyurethane foams based on reactive phosphorus-containing polyol and expandable graphite.

In this manuscript, flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) were designed and synthesized based on novel liquid phosphorus-containing polyol named as PDEO and expandable graphite (EG). The reactive PDEO can be chemically added into the chain of FPUF, while expandable graphite was blended into the matrix of foam through foaming process. Benefitting from the incorporation of reactive PDEO with a long chain, the resultant FPUF containing EG exhibited considerable mechanical properties.

Epoxidized soybean oil cured with tannic acid for fully bio-based epoxy resin.

The construction of fully bio-based epoxy resins (EP) has been of particular interest in both academia and industrial circles for years; among these, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) derived thermosets have received the most attention, but they usually exhibit poor performance due to their flexible fatty chains. Herein, tannic acid (TA), with its great degree of functionality and massive aromatic structures, was chosen as the multi-phenol curing agent for ESO to prepare fully bio-based EP thermosets with a high relaxation temperature and satisfactory mechanical properties. As a natural 2-substituted imidazole-containing substance, histidine (H) was used as the curing accelerator under moderate curing conditions (120-180 °C).

A new molecular phylogeny and a new genus, Pendulorchis, of the Aerides-Vanda alliance (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae).

Background: The Aerides-Vanda alliance is a complex group in the subtribe Aeridinae (subfamily Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae). Some phylogenetic systems of this alliance have been previously proposed based on molecular and morphological analyses. However, several taxonomic problems within this alliance as well as between it and its allies remain unsolved.

Adding perches for cross-pollination ensures the reproduction of a self-incompatible orchid.

Background: Outcrossing is known to carry genetic advantages in comparison with inbreeding. In many cases, flowering plants develop a self-incompatibility mechanism, along with a floral component adaptation mechanism, to avoid self-pollination and to promote outbreeding. Orchids commonly have a lip in their flower that functions as the a visiting plate for insect pollinators.

Paraholcoglossum and Tsiorchis, two new orchid genera established by molecular and morphological analyses of the Holcoglossum alliance.

Background: Holcoglossum is a small orchid genus of 12 species ranging from SW China to Thailand and NE India. Although molecular and morphological analyses have been performed to establish the phylogenetic relationships within this genus, the interspecific relations and its relations with allied genera, such as Rhynchostylis, Aerides and Vanda, remain unclear.

Methodology/principal Findings: In addition to morphological analysis, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference analyses were performed based on fragments of the nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL-F and matK genes of 31 taxa (15 Holcoglossum, 14 Aeridinae, 2 outgroups) representing all major clades of the Holcoglossum alliance.