Rapid Gluten Allergen Detection Using an Integrated Photoimaging Assay and Ionic Liquid Extraction Sensor.

In recent years, food allergies and food sensitivities have remained critical public health problems that affect approximately 15% of the global population. Wheat is a major food source worldwide, but it is also a common food allergen. Celiac disease is chronic immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals; it can be treated only through strict gluten avoidance.

Antioxidant Mechanism, Spectroscopic and Pharmacological Properties of Four Flavonoids: DFT, Docking and Molecular Dynamics.

Myricetin (1), Quercetin (2), Kaempferol (3) and Kaempferide (4) were flavonoids with phenolic hydroxyl groups. The antioxidant and pharmacological mechanisms of them were investigated in detail. The lowest hydroxyl dissociation enthalpies of 1, 2, 3 and 4 were calculated by DFT, respectively.

Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of alkenyl aza-heteroarenes using hydrogen peroxide.

The synthesis of chiral α-azaheteroaryl oxiranes via enantioselective catalysis is a formidable challenge due to the required complex stereoselectivity and diverse N-heterocyclic structures. These compounds play a crucial role in developing bioactive molecules, where precise chirality significantly influences biological activity. Here we show that using chiral phosphoric acid as a catalyst, our method efficiently addresses these challenges.

A novel efficient strategy to generate liver sinusoidal endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells.

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are highly specialized endothelial cells (ECs) that play an important role in liver development and regeneration. Additionally, it is involved in various pathological processes, including steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the rapid dedifferentiation of LSECs after culture greatly limits their use in vitro modeling for biomedical applications.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy protects the bone formation from excessive inflammation through PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway.

Multiple regulatory mechanisms are in place to ensure the normal processes of bone metabolism, encompassing both bone formation and absorption. This study has identified chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) as a critical regulator that safeguards bone formation from the detrimental effects of excessive inflammation. By silencing LAMP2A or HSCA8, we observed a hindrance in the osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro.

Orexin Neurons to Sublaterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus Pathway Prevents Sleep Onset REM Sleep-Like Behavior by Relieving the REM Sleep Pressure.

Proper timing of vigilance states serves fundamental brain functions. Although disturbance of sleep onset rapid eye movement (SOREM) sleep is frequently reported after orexin deficiency, their causal relationship still remains elusive. Here, we further study a specific subgroup of orexin neurons with convergent projection to the REM sleep promoting sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (OX neurons).

Optimizing Gluten Extraction Using Eco-friendly Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids: Exploring the Impact of Cation Side Chains and Anions.

Gluten is a well-known food allergen globally, and it can induce immune responses in celiac- and nonceliac gluten-sensitive patients. The gliadin proteins from gluten have a special amino acid sequence that make it hydrophobic. One way to deal with gluten allergies is to provide a gluten-free diet.

Trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate exerts anti-tumor effects on cholangiocarcinoma cells through inhibiting JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate exhibits significant antitumor effects on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells by effectively inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the antitumor properties of trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent for CCA. This study illustrates that trilobolide-6-O-isobutyrate efficiently suppresses CCA cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Clinical impact of sarcopenia for overweight or obese patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: Sarcopenia, overweight and obesity are all dynamic changes in body composition, which may have a negative effect on the prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of sarcopenia on overweight or obese patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods: We conducted an observative study on the population of overweight or obese patients with colorectal cancer who underwent curative surgeries in two centers between 2015 and 2021.

Orexin recruits non-selective cationic conductance and endocannabinoid to dynamically modulate firing of caudal pontine reticular nuclear neurones.

The neuropeptide orexin is involved in motor circuit function. However, its modulation on neuronal activities of motor structures, integrating orexin's diverse downstream molecular cascades, remains elusive. By combining whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and neuropharmacological methods, we revealed that both non-selective cationic conductance (NSCC) and endocannabinoids (eCBs) are recruited by orexin signalling on reticulospinal neurones in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC).

A novel insight into the key gene signature associated with the immune landscape in the progression of sarcopenia.

Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle disorder that causes falls, disability and death in the elderly, but its exact mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we merged three GEO datasets into the expression profiles of 118 samples and screened 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as candidate genes. Pathway analysis demonstrated that the functional enrichment of DEGs is mainly in the cellular response to insulin stimulus, PPAR signaling pathway and other metabolism-related pathways.

Metal-free highly chemo-selective bisphosphorylation and deoxyphosphorylation of carboxylic acids.

Carboxylic acids are readily available in both the natural and synthetic world. Their direct utilization for preparing organophosphorus compounds would greatly benefit the development of organophosphorus chemistry. In this manuscript, we describe a novel and practical phosphorylating reaction under transition metal-free reaction conditions that can selectively convert carboxylic acids into the P-C-O-P motif-containing compounds through bisphosphorylation, and the benzyl phosphorus compounds through deoxyphosphorylation.

Flavonoidal alkaloids from the flowers of (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.

A pair of epimers of flavonoid alkaloids, with a pyrrolidone moiety, 2,5''-eupodoratin A (), 2,5''-eupodoratin A (), together with two known analogues, drahebephin A (), drahebephin B (), were isolated from the flowers of (L.) R.M.

Chemical constituents from the stem of .

A new biphenyl compound: 5-aldehyde-4'-hydroxy-2,2'-dimethoxybiphenyl (), along with 11 known phenolic compounds () were isolated from the stem of Linn. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, including MS, UV, IR, 1 D and 2 D NMR. Compounds and showed weakly cytotoxicity against MCF-7, with IC values of 32.

Prognostic significance of postoperative loss of skeletal muscle mass in patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: Increasing life expectancy of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains to be the major concern of cardiac surgeons. However, few studies have investigated the effect of postoperative skeletal muscle index (SMI) loss on prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic role of postoperative SMI loss ≥ 5% after CABG, in order to develop a novel nomogram to predict overall survival (OS).

Two new lactam derivatives from a derived fungus PQJ-2.

A new bicyclic lactam derivatives penicilactam B () and a new monocyclic amide penicillamide D (), along with four known compounds (), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the derived fungus PQJ-2. Their structures and stereochemistry were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum ECD calculations. All the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against subsp and insecticidal activity against Hubner.

Coexistence of GLIM-defined malnutrition and sarcopenia have negative effect on the clinical outcomes in the elderly gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy.

Background: Malnutrition and sarcopenia are common in elderly gastric cancer patients, which are also interrelated and affect each other. We aimed to determine the characteristics of coexistence of malnutrition and sarcopenia in the elderly gastric cancer patients and investigate the predictive roles of malnutrition and sarcopenia on clinical outcomes.

Methods: Between 2014 and 2019, a total of 742 elderly gastric cancer patients were enrolled.

Effects mechanism of bio-carrier filling rate on rotating biofilms and the reactor performance optimization method.

Benefited from the massive filling bio-carriers, the packed cage rotating biological contactors (RBCs) have better performance and application potentiality in wastewater treatment. Investigating the effects mechanism of bio-carrier filling rate is crucial for such reactors management. In this study, the pollutants removal performance, biofilms physical characteristics, and microbial communities of the biofilms under a series of bio-carrier filling rates were analyzed.

Prognostic value of myosteatosis and sarcopenia for elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A large-scale double-center study.

Background: Myosteatosis and sarcopenia are forms of muscle depletion that impair the normal physiological function of elderly patients, resulting in a worse prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on postoperative outcomes in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods: From February 2015 to March 2021, a total of 921 elderly patients who underwent curative surgeries for colorectal cancer at 2 centers were enrolled and grouped by the presence of either myosteatosis or sarcopenia.

The psychopathology and happiness of the older adults in Yunlin, Taiwan: What do we need for long-term care service?

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychopathology and level of happiness and their association with the demographic data of the older population in long-term care situations in Taiwan.

Methods: The study enrolled 500 participants who were the elderly in long-term care situations and used the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) and Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI) to determine the psychopathology and level of happiness. Multiple linear regression analysis (using a stepwise method) and a two-step cluster analysis were performed to examine the data.

Thoracic sarcopenia predicts clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: A 6-year cohort study.

Background: The relationship between thoracic sarcopenia and clinical outcomes in patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is unclear. This study aims to evaluate whether thoracic sarcopenia has a satisfactory prognostic effect on adverse outcomes after CABG.

Methods: From December 2015 to May 2021, 338 patients who underwent isolated CABG at our institution were recruited in this study.

Altered Retinal Dopamine Levels in a Melatonin-proficient Mouse Model of Form-deprivation Myopia.

Reduced levels of retinal dopamine, a key regulator of eye development, are associated with experimental myopia in various species, but are not seen in the myopic eyes of C57BL/6 mice, which are deficient in melatonin, a neurohormone having extensive interactions with dopamine. Here, we examined the relationship between form-deprivation myopia (FDM) and retinal dopamine levels in melatonin-proficient CBA/CaJ mice. We found that these mice exhibited a myopic refractive shift in form-deprived eyes, which was accompanied by altered retinal dopamine levels.