Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Mesencephalic Cavernous Malformations.

Background: Symptomatic cavernous malformations involving the brainstem are difficult to access by conventional approaches, which often require dramatic brain retraction to gain adequate operative corridor. Here, we present a successful endoscopic endonasal transclival approach for resection of a hemorrhagic, symptomatic mesencephalic cavernous malformation.

Case Description: A 20-year-old woman presented with acute onset of headache, nausea, and vomiting.

Two novel sulfur compounds from the seeds of Raphanus sativus L.

The seeds of Raphanus sativus L., known as Lai-fu-zi in traditional Chinese Medicine, are always roasted before clinical use for avoiding nausea. During an investigation of the chemical difference between roasted and pre-roasted products, two novel sulfur-containing compounds, which mainly existed in the pre-roasted products, were isolated.