Mycobacteria Exploit Host GPR84 to Dampen Pro-Inflammatory Responses and Promote Infection in Macrophages.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the major cause of mortality and morbidity, causing approximately 1.3 million deaths annually. As a highly successful pathogen, () has evolved numerous strategies to evade host immune responses, making it essential to understand the interactions between and host cells.

Integrated single-cell transcriptome and T cell receptor profiling reveals defects of T cell exhaustion in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis-affected lungs with chronic inflammation harbor abundant immunosuppressive immune cells but the nature of such inflammation is unclear. Dysfunction in T cell exhaustion, while implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, remains unexplored in tuberculosis. Given that immunotherapy targeting exhaustion checkpoints exacerbates tuberculosis, we speculate that T cell exhaustion is dysfunctional in tuberculosis.

Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals heterogeneity and intercellular crosstalk in human tuberculosis lung.

Lung inflammation indicated by 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in patients with tuberculosis is associated with disease severity and relapse risk upon treatment completion. We revealed the heterogeneity and intercellular crosstalk in lung tissues with 18F-FDG avidity and adjacent uninvolved tissues from 6 tuberculosis patients by single-cell RNA-sequencing. Tuberculous lungs had an influx of regulatory T cells (Treg), exhausted CD8 T cells, immunosuppressive myeloid cells, conventional DC, plasmacytoid DC, and neutrophils.

Evaluation of the mRNA release assay for diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected individuals.

HIV-infected individuals are susceptible to () infection and are at high risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB). Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are auxiliary tools in the diagnosis of TB. However, the performance of IGRAs in HIV-infected individuals is suboptimal, which limits clinical application.

Collective and Individual Assessment of the Risk of Death from COVID-19 for the Elderly, 2020-2022.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had profound disruptions worldwide. For a population or individual, it is critical to assess the risk of death for making preventative decisions.

Methods: In this study, clinical data from approximately 100 million cases were statistically analyzed.

Identification of unique transcriptomic signatures and key genes through RNA sequencing and integrated WGCNA and PPI network analysis in HIV infected lung cancer.

With the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT), the survival time of AIDS patients has been greatly extended. However, the incidence of lung cancer in HIV-infected patients is increasing and has become a major problem threatening the survival of AIDS patients. The aim of this study is to use Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differential gene analysis to find possible key genes involved in HIV-infected lung cancer.

Identification of Key CircRNAs Related to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Based on Bioinformatics Analysis.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that is caused by respiratory infections, principally . Increasingly, studies have shown that circular (circ)RNAs play regulatory roles in different diseases through different mechanisms. However, their roles and potential regulatory mechanisms in pulmonary TB remain unclear.

Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Tuberculosis and Identification of Candidate Biomarkers.

The purpose of this study is to use the data in the GEO database to analyze, screen biomarkers that can diagnose tuberculosis, and verification of candidate biomarkers. GSE158767 dataset were used to process WGCNA analysis, differential gene analysis, Gene ontology and KEGG analysis, protein-protein network analysis and hub genes analysis. Based on our previous study, the intersect between WGCNA and differential gene analysis could be used as candidate biomarkers.

Identification of Hub Genes Associated With Tuberculous Pleurisy by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.

Improving the understanding of the molecular mechanism of tuberculous pleurisy is required to develop diagnosis and new therapy strategies of targeted genes. The purpose of this study is to identify important genes related to tuberculous pleurisy. In this study, the expression profile obtained by sequencing the surgically resected pleural tissue was used to explore the differentially co-expressed genes between tuberculous pleurisy tissue and normal tissue.

IRF1 as a potential biomarker in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a major global public health problem. The purpose of this study was to find biomarkers that can be used to diagnose tuberculosis. We used four NCBI GEO data sets to conduct analysis.

Exosomal ncRNAs profiling of mycobacterial infection identified miRNA-185-5p as a novel biomarker for tuberculosis.

Background: There are ever increasing researches implying that noncoded RNAs (ncRNAs) specifically circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes play vital roles in respiratory disease. However, the detailed mechanisms persist to be unclear in mycobacterial infection.

Methods: In order to detect circRNAs and miRNAs expression pattern and potential biological function in tuberculosis, we performed immense parallel sequencing for exosomal ncRNAs from THP-1-derived macrophages infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, Mycobacterium bovis BCG and control Streptococcus pneumonia, respectively and uninfected normal cells.

A novel autophagy-related lncRNA survival model for lung adenocarcinoma.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an important regulatory factor in the development of lung adenocarcinoma, which is related to the control of autophagy. LncRNA can also be used as a biomarker of prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, it is important to determine the prognostic value of autophagy-related lncRNA in lung adenocarcinoma.

Long non-coding RNAs and are associated with metabolic activity in tuberculosis lesions of sputum-negative tuberculosis patients.

Accurate diagnosis of complete inactivation of tuberculosis lesions is still a challenge with respect to sputum-negative tuberculosis. RNA-sequencing was conducted to uncover potential lncRNA indicators of metabolic activity in tuberculosis lesions. Lung tissues with high metabolic activity and low metabolic activity demonstrated by fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography were collected from five sputum-negative tuberculosis patients for RNA-sequencing.

Lung cancer surgery in HIV-infected patients: An analysis of postoperative complications and long-term survival.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of postoperative complications and reliable prognostic factors of long-term survival in HIV-infected patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: HIV-infected patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively studied; a single-institutional analysis was conducted from November 2011 to August 2018. Pre- and postoperative clinical data, including age, gender, smoking history, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CD4+ T cell count, HIV viral load, cancer histology, clinical and pathological stage (p-stage), surgical result, Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), survival time and postoperative complications were collected.

A Rapid and Accurate Detection Approach for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Based on PCR-ELISA Microplate Hybridization Assay.

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is important for timely and appropriate therapy. In this study, a rapid and easy-to-perform molecular test that integrated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and a specific 96-well microplate hybridization assay, called PCR-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), were developed for detection of mutations in rpoB, katG, and inhA genes responsible for rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistance and prediction of drug susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. We evaluated the utility of this method by using 32 multidrug-resistent (MDR) isolates and 22 susceptible isolates; subsequently, we compared the results with data obtained by conventional drug susceptibility testing and DNA sequencing.

Multi-Fluorescence Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of RIF and INH Resistance of M. tuberculosis.

Background: Failure to early detect multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) results in treatment failure and poor clinical outcomes, and highlights the need to rapidly detect resistance to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH).

Methods: In Multi-Fluorescence quantitative Real-Time PCR (MF-qRT-PCR) assay, 10 probes labeled with four kinds of fluorophores were designed to detect the mutations in regions of rpoB, katG, mabA-inhA, oxyR-ahpC, and rrs. The efficiency of MF-qRT-PCR assay was tested using 261 bacterial isolates and 33 clinical sputum specimens.

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from south-central in China.

Rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were characterized from south-central China and transmission patterns within the Beijing genotype were detected in multidrug-resistant isolates. Six genetic regions, including rpoB for RIF, and katG, inhA, ahpC, mabA-inhA promoter and oxyR-ahpC intergenic region for INH were analyzed by DNA sequencing in 60 multidrug-resistant isolates, including 7 extensively drug-resistant isolates. The genomic deletion RD105 was characterized by genotyping.

A genome-wide analysis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype.

The Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is one of the most successful MTB lineages that has disseminated in the world. In China, the rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is significantly higher than the global average rate, and the Beijing genotype strains take the largest share of MDR strains. To study the genetic basis of the epidemiological findings that Beijing genotype has often been associated with tuberculosis outbreaks and drug resistance, we determined the genome sequences of four clinical isolates: two extensively drug resistant (XDR1219, XDR1221) and two multidrug resistant (WX1, WX3), using whole-genome sequencing.

[Expression, purification, and characterization Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1168c].

Objective: To express and purify the Pro-Pro-Glu (PPE) family protein Rv1168c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in E. coli. and to study the structure of Rv1168c.