Effect of on type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Although numerous single nucleotide polymorphism in multiple genes involve in the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), the single gene defects of T2D with strong family history is not clear yet. are causative for hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, which is clinical overlapping with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Mice with adipocyte-specific deletion of had impaired glucose tolerances and insulin sensitivity.

Liraglutide ameliorates diabetic kidney disease by modulating gut microbiota and L-5-Oxoproline.

The gut microbiome-metabolites-kidney axis is a potential target for treating diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Our previous study found that Liraglutide attenuated DKD in rats by decreasing renal tubular ectopic lipid deposition (ELD) and serum metabolites levels, including L-5-Oxoproline (5-OP). However, the response of gut microbiome-metabolites-kidney axis to Liraglutide in DKD rats and the effect of 5-OP on ELD remain unknown.

Environmental-friendly, flexible silk fibroin-based film as dual-responsive shape memory material.

Bio-based shape memory materials have attracted wide attention due to their biocompatibility, degradability and safety. However, designing and manufacturing wearable bio-based shape memory films with excellent flexibility and toughness is still a challenge. In this work, silk fibroin substrate with a β-sheet structure was combined with a tri-block shape memory copolymer to prepare a transparent composited shape memory film.

Tyrosine-phosphorylated DNER sensitizes insulin signaling in hepatic gluconeogenesis by inducing proteasomal degradation of TRB3.

Objective: Hepatic insulin resistance, which leads to increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, is a major contributor to fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanism of impaired insulin-dependent suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis remains elusive. Delta/Notch-like epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related receptor (DNER), firstly described as a neuron-specific Notch ligand, has been recently identified as a susceptibility gene for T2DM through genome-wide association studies.

Immune-inflammatory biomarkers and the risk of cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: To determine the risk-assessment role of the immune-inflammatory biomarkers on myocardial damage in COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 822 COVID-19 inpatients from 1 January to 10 March 2020 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. The demographic data, clinical data, and immune-inflammatory parameters of participants were collected.

Pathophysiology roles for adenosine 2A receptor in obesity and related diseases.

Obesity, a burgeoning worldwide health system challenge, is associated with several comorbidities, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, atherosclerosis, and osteoarthritis, leading to serious problems to people's health. Adenosine is a critical extracellular signaling molecule that has essential functions in regulating most organ systems by binding to four G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors, denoted A , A , A , and A . Among the receptors, a growing body evidence highlights the key roles of the adenosine 2A receptor (A R) in obesity and related diseases.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 214 families with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological dynamics, transmission patterns, and the clinical outcomes of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in familial cluster patients in Wuhan, China.

Methods: Between January 22, 2020, and February 4, 2020, we enrolled 214 families for this retrospective study. The COVID-19 cases were diagnosed using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Fasting blood glucose level is a predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19 independent of diabetes history.

Aim: No study elucidated the role of fasting blood glucose (FBG) level in the prognosis
of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: This cohort study was conducted in a single center at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Clinical laboratory, and treatment data of inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were collected and analyzed.

Hypertrophic Adipocyte-Derived Exosomal miR-802-5p Contributes to Insulin Resistance in Cardiac Myocytes Through Targeting HSP60.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which hypertrophic adipocytes regulate insulin signaling in cardiac myocytes.

Methods: Palmitate was used to induce hypertrophic 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Exosomes were purified from normal control or hypertrophic 3T3-L1 adipocyte-associated conditioned medium.

Identification of differentially expressed mRNA and the Hub mRNAs modulated by lncRNA as a competing endogenous RNA in brown adipose tissue of mice on a high-fat diet.

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Brown adipocytes have emerged as potential targets for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases. However, changes that occur in brown adipose tissue during various stages of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity remain poorly understood.

Efficacy and safety of DBPR108 monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial.

DBPR108, a novel dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor, has shown great antihyperglycemic effect in animal models. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DBPR108 monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This was a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial.

Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) modulates adiponectin signaling by stabilizing adiponectin receptor.

Adiponectin, an adipokine produced and secreted by adipocytes, is involved in regulating the development and progression of insulin resistance, diabetes, and diabetic complications. Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is a molecular chaperone, most commonly presenting in mitochondria and participating in the maintenance of protein homeostasis. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that the elevated circulating HSP60 and the decreased intracellular HSP60 are closely associated with diabetic complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy.

APPL1 knockdown blocks adipogenic differentiation and promotes adipocyte lipolysis.

Adipocyte dysfunction is closely associated with the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. In addition to having a positive effect on adiponectin pathway and insulin signaling through direct and/or indirect mechanisms, adapter protein APPL1 has also been reported to regulate body weight, brown fat tissues thermogenesis, and body fat distribution in diabetic individuals. However, there is dearth of data on the specific role of APPL1 on adipogenic differentiation and adipocyte lipolysis.

Angiopoietin-like 8 Improves Insulin Resistance and Attenuates Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Angiopoietin-like 8 (ANGPTL8) is closely linked to obesity-associated metabolic diseases and insulin resistance. The aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of ANGPTL8 to reverse insulin resistance in obese mice. The administration of ANGPTL8 reduced weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in mice with diet-induced obesity.

Ethnic Differences in Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Alogliptin is a highly selective, potent, and orally available dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. This study compared the glucose-lowering efficacy and safety of alogliptin between Asian and non-Asian patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science databases for articles published June 2017 and earlier in English.

Association of serum calcium and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a recognized trigger factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Recent studies show that higher serum calcium level is associated with greater risk of both T2DM and heart failure. We speculate that increased serum calcium is related to HFpEF prevalence in patients with T2DM.

Association between alcohol consumption during pregnancy and risks of congenital heart defects in offspring: meta-analysis of epidemiological observational studies.

Background: To explore the association between maternal alcohol consumption and/or binge drinking and congenital heart defects (CHDs), we conducted a meta-analysis for more sufficient evidence on this issue.

Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from their inceptions to December 2014 for case-control and cohort studies that assessed the association between maternal alcohol consumption and CHD risk. Study-specific relative risk estimates were calculated using random-effect or fixed-effect models.

Neuroprotective effect of nicorandil through inhibition of apoptosis by the PI3K/Akt1 pathway in a mouse model of deep hypothermic low flow.

Objective: Nicorandil exerts a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the brain and kidney through anti-apoptotic mechanisms. However, the mechanism by which nicorandil protects against I/R injury induced by deep hypothermic low flow (DHLF) remains unclear.

Methods: We used a cerebral I/R model induced by DHLF to determine the neuroprotective effects and possible mechanisms of nicorandil.

Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, inhibits hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in myocytes by suppressing receptor for advanced glycation end products expression.

Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) axis may have an important role in apoptosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone that has been proposed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes, and GLP-1 receptor agonists have been reported to protect against myocardial injury associated with diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of exendin-4 (EX-4), a GLP-1 receptor agonist, against myocardial cell apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia.

Metformin protects against hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocytes injury by inhibiting the expressions of receptor for advanced glycation end products and high mobility group box 1 protein.

Metformin (MET), an anti-diabetic oral drug with antioxidant properties, has been proved to provide cardioprotective effects in patients with diabetic disease. However, the mechanism is unclear. This study aimd to investigate the effects of MET on the expressions of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in hyperglycemia-treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist protects against hyperglycemia-induced cardiocytes injury by inhibiting high mobility group box 1 expression.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gut incretin hormone secreted from L cells, and a GLP-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4 (Ex-4) has been shown to be cardioprotective and could exert beneficial effects through its anti-inflammatory property. However, the mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Ex-4 could ameliorate myocardial cell injury by inhibiting high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression under high glucose condition.

[Influences and mechanism of verapamil on ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiomyocytes of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanism of verapamil preventing ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by cardiac performance intracellular free [Ca(2+)](i) and L-type calcium current (I(Ca-L)) in cardiomyocytes of diabetes mellitus rats.

Methods: Diabetic rats were streptozotocin-induced and received verapamil (8 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)) from 6 - 14 weeks old. The in vitro heart models of I/R rats were randomly divided into normal control group diabetes group, verapamil control group.