SIRT5 exacerbates eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis by promoting polarization of M2 macrophage.

Background: Previous studies implied that local M2 polarization of macrophage promoted mucosal edema and exacerbated T2 type inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the specific pathogenic role of M2 macrophages and the intrinsic regulators in the development of CRS remains elusive.

Objective: We sought to investigate the regulatory role of SIRT5 in the polarization of M2 macrophages and its potential contribution to the development of CRSwNP.

Preparation of graphene quantum dots with glycine as nitrogen source and its interaction with human serum albumin.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) could be regarded as graphene with a lateral dimension less than 100 nm. Compared with graphene, GQDs not only possess the excellent properties of graphene but also have been proven to have low toxicity, high fluorescence stability, strong water solubility, as well as better biocompatibility. In this work, an amide bond-based, N-doped graphene quantum dot was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method.

Effect of berberine hydrochloride-functionalized gold nanoparticles on calf thymus DNA: a biophysical study.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Stimulation of α(2A)-adrenoceptors promotes the maturation of dendritic spines in cultured neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex.

Dendritic spines are tiny protrusions along dendrites that receive excitatory synaptic inputs and compartmentalize postsynaptic responses in the mature brain. It is known that change in spine morphology is associated with brain functions such as learning and memory. α(2A)-Adrenoceptors (α(2A)-ARs) are highly expressed in cortical neurons and play important roles in neuronal differentiation, growth and neurotrophy.

Administration of thyroid hormone increases reelin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in rat hippocampus in vivo.

Thyroid hormones play important roles in the maturation and function of the central nervous system. However, the underlying mechanism behind thyroid hormone-regulated gene expression in the adult brain is not well understood. Two genes critical for neuronal plasticity and implicated in psychiatric disorders, reelin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were investigated in the present study.

Reciprocal effects of conditioned medium on cultured glioma cells and neural stem cells.

Malignant gliomas are among the most intractable brain cancers. Neural stem cells (NSC) are tissue-specific stem cells with self-renewal capacity and the potential to differentiate into glia and neurons. It has been proposed that NSC could serve as a therapeutic vehicle for the treatment of gliomas.