Adrenal oncocytoma: a rare presentation of a benign 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET avid virilising adrenal tumour.

A woman in her 70s presented with features of hyperandrogenism including clitoral enlargement and deepening of her voice. Biochemical investigations revealed raised plasma androgens and urinary androgen metabolites and imaging findings showed a highly F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET avid left adrenal tumour initially suspected to be a malignant adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). She subsequently underwent an uncomplicated laparoscopic adrenalectomy where complete resection of her tumour was achieved.

Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) as an Emerging Target for Immunotherapy to Treat Melanoma.

Immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, have precipitated significant improvements in clinical outcomes for melanoma. However, approximately half of patients do not benefit from approved treatments. Additionally, apart from Tebentafusp, which is approved for the treatment of uveal melanoma, there is a lack of immunotherapies directly focused on melanoma cells.

A survey exploring ophthalmologists' attitudes and beliefs in performing immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery in Singapore.

Background: To evaluate current practice patterns of Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery (ISBCS) by ophthalmologists in Singapore and assess their attitudes towards performing ISBCS in future cataract care.

Methods: An anonymised electronic survey, modified to local context from a similar study conducted in the United Kingdom, was distributed to members of the College of Ophthalmologists, Academy of Medicine, Singapore, from 20 June to 1 September 2023. An initial screening question on prior experience with ISBCS directed the rest of the survey.

Tiger Milk Mushroom: A Comprehensive Review of Nutritional Composition, Phytochemicals, Health Benefits, and Scientific Advancements with Emphasis on Chemometrics and Multi-Omics.

This article presents a comprehensive overview of tiger milk mushroom (TMM), covering its nutritional composition, phytochemicals, health benefits, and related scientific advancements. It describes various potential positive health benefits of TMM, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, respiratory function enhancement, antioxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, photoprotective, antidiabetic, wound-healing, and anti-HIV, among others. This article also underlines the importance of further research into the phytochemicals present in TMM for additional discoveries.

Chemical structures, extraction and analysis technologies, and bioactivities of edible fungal polysaccharides from Poria cocos: An updated review.

Poria cocos is a popular medicinal food. Polysaccharides are the key component of Poria cocos, forming 70-90 % of the dry sclerotia mass. Recent studies indicate that Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP-Cs) have multiple beneficial functions and applications.

Enlarging the thermal coagulation volume during thermochemical ablation with alternating acid-base injection by shortening the injection interval: A computational study.

Background And Objectives: Thermochemical ablation (TCA) is a cancer treatment that utilises the heat released from the neutralisation of acid and base to raise tissue temperature to levels sufficient to induce thermal coagulation. Computational studies have demonstrated that the coagulation volume produced by sequential injection is smaller than that with simultaneous injection. By injecting the reagents in an ensuing manner, the region of contact between acid and base is limited to a thin contact layer sandwiched between the distribution of acid and base.

Nanoemulsion of Ethanolic Extract of (NanoSECA)Ameliorates Learning and Memory Performance by EnhancingCholinergic Activities, Increasing Antioxidative Levels, and AttenuatingOxidative Stress Markers in Adult Rats.

Background: has long been traditionally used as a memory enhancer. Nanoemulsion of ethanolic extract (NanoSECA) has been developed to improve brain functions. However, the effect of NanoSECA on enhancing memory and cognitive functions remains unexplored.

Computational pathology in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction - present day and prospects.

Computational pathology refers to applying deep learning techniques and algorithms to analyse and interpret histopathology images. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to an explosion in innovation in computational pathology, ranging from the prospect of automation of routine diagnostic tasks to the discovery of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers from tissue morphology. Despite the promising potential of computational pathology, its integration in clinical settings has been limited by a range of obstacles including operational, technical, regulatory, ethical, financial, and cultural challenges.

Disrupting actin filaments enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion independent of the cortical actin cytoskeleton.

Just under the plasma membrane of most animal cells lies a dense meshwork of actin filaments called the cortical cytoskeleton. In insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells, a longstanding model posits that the cortical actin layer primarily acts to restrict access of insulin granules to the plasma membrane. Here we test this model and find that stimulating β cells with pro-secretory stimuli (glucose and/or KCl) has little impact on the cortical actin layer.

A review on matcha: Chemical composition, health benefits, with insights on its quality control by applying chemometrics and multi-omics.

This review discussed the origin, manufacturing process, chemical composition, factors affecting quality and health benefits of matcha (Camellia sinensis), and the application of chemometrics and multi-omics in the science of matcha. The discussion primarily distinguishes between matcha and regular green tea with processing and compositional factors, and demonstrates beneficial health effects of consuming matcha. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was adopted to search for relevant information in this review.

Self-Assessment of INTERHEART Risk Stratification among the Middle-Aged Community in Malaysia.

Age is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but CVD risk factors are preventable, and lack of awareness of its risk factors is a contributing factor to CVDs. Middle-aged people may be more likely to engage in unhealthy lifestyle behaviours which can increase the risk of CVD. Health self-assessment is crucial for early detection and management of health issues and early lifestyle intervention for better personalised health management.

Prevalence and risk factors for alcohol use disorders, substance use disorders, and depression anxiety and stress among users of sexual health services in Singapore: a cross-sectional survey study.

Syndemics of poor mental health also drive poorer sexual health outcomes. This study used three scales, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) among beneficiaries of sexual health services in Singapore (n =975), respectively. We found that a prevalence of 20.

Use of negative pressure wound therapy on locoregional flaps: a case-control study.

Objective: The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is ubiquitous in the management of complex wounds. Extending beyond the traditional utility of NPWT, it has been used after reconstructive flap surgery in a few case series. The authors sought to investigate the outcomes of NPWT use on flap reconstruction in a case-control study.

High-precision mapping reveals rare N-deoxyadenosine methylation in the mammalian genome.

N-deoxyadenosine methylation (6mA) is the most widespread type of DNA modification in prokaryotes and is also abundantly distributed in some unicellular eukaryotes. However, 6mA levels are remarkably low in mammals. The lack of a precise and comprehensive mapping method has hindered more advanced investigations of 6mA.

Development and Optimization of Nanoemulsion from Ethanolic Extract of (NanoSECA) Using D-Optimal Mixture Design to Improve Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability.

The evidence on the neuroprotective impact of () has been greatly documented in recent years. However, a major obstacle that remains to be overcome is the capacity of the active molecules in to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we explored the possibilities of using a D-optimal mixture design to fabricate nanoemulsion of (NanoSECA) for better brain bioavailability.

Systematic calibration of epitranscriptomic maps using a synthetic modification-free RNA library.

Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in the field of epitranscriptomics. Functional interpretation of the epitranscriptome relies on sequencing technologies that determine the location and stoichiometry of various RNA modifications. However, contradictory results have been reported among studies, bringing the biological impacts of certain RNA modifications into doubt.

Geographic patterns and socioeconomic differences in the nutritional quality of household packaged food purchases in the United States.

Background: It is unclear whether dietary quality varies by geography in the US.

Purpose: Assess patterns in packaged food purchases (PFPs).

Methods: We characterized variation in PFP quality from 2008 to 2018 by 1) examining geographic clustering and 2) using regression analysis to control for household characteristics.

Asperuloside Enhances Taste Perception and Prevents Weight Gain in High-Fat Fed Mice.

Asperuloside is an iridoid glycoside found in many medicinal plants that has produced promising anti-obesity results in animal models. In previous studies, three months of asperuloside administration reduced food intake, body weight, and adipose masses in rats consuming a high fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanisms by which asperuloside exerts its anti-obesity properties were not clarified.

Clinicopathological predictors of survival in resected primary lung adenocarcinoma.

Aims: Primary lung adenocarcinoma consists of a spectrum of clinical and pathological subtypes that may impact on overall survival (OS). Our study aims to evaluate the impact of adenocarcinoma subtype and intra-alveolar spread on survival after anatomical lung resection and identify different prognostic factors based on stage and histological subtype.

Methods: Newly diagnosed patients undergoing anatomical lung resections without induction therapy, for pT1-3, N0-2 lung adenocarcinoma from April 2011 to March 2013, were included.

Shrinking Tonlé Sap and the recent intensification of sand mining in the Cambodian Mekong River.

This paper investigates the impacts of extensive riverbed mining in the Lower Mekong on the water level, extent and volume of the Tonlé Sap Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. Our results indicate that the lake's volume has decreased from 1980 to 2018 (p-value = 0.016), with water levels at Phnom Penh Port and Phnom Penh Bassac showing decreasing trends since 1980 (p-values <0.

Variability in grading of ductal carcinoma in situ among an international group of pathologists.

The prognostic value of cytonuclear grade in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is debated, partly due to high interobserver variability and the use of multiple guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate interobserver agreement in grading DCIS between Dutch, British, and American pathologists. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of 425 women with primary DCIS were independently reviewed by nine breast pathologists based in the Netherlands, the UK, and the USA.

Genomic analysis in short- and long-term patients with malignant pleura mesothelioma treated with palliative chemotherapy.

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumour with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify genetic mutations associated with poor or extended survival in patients who received palliative chemotherapy.

Methods: A total of 720 patients diagnosed with MPM between 2005 and 2015 were identified.

Differential Survival Characteristics of Sarcomatoid Subtype in Biphasic Pleural Mesothelioma.

Background: Biphasic pleural mesothelioma (BPM) accounts for approximately 10% of all pleural mesothelioma. Our aim was to assess the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic factors impacting survival in BPM and to better identify patients most likely to benefit from active treatment.

Methods: A 10-year retrospective review was made of 214 biopsy-proven BPM cases with minimum 2-year follow-up.

The Current Status of Solitary Fibrous Tumor: Diagnostic Features, Variants, and Genetics.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a fibroblastic mesenchymal tumor originally described in the pleura but now shown at almost every anatomic site. Histopathologically, SFT is characteristically a circumscribed neoplasm composed of variably cellular and patternless distributions of bland spindle and ovoid cells within prominent collagenous stroma and shows diffuse expression of CD34, but it has a broad spectrum of both morphology and of biologic behavior. Many different names (particularly hemangiopericytoma) were previously used in the course of our understanding of this neoplasm but are now subsumed under the term "SFT," and the putative cell of origin was debated.