Clinical Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in Pediatric Functional Constipation: Impact on Immunological Indicators and Gut Microbiota.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in treating pediatric functional constipation (FC) and to explore its mechanisms by analyzing changes in serum neurotransmitters and gut microbiota. This was a prospective cohort study conducted on 60 children aged 4-14 years diagnosed with FC. Participants were divided into two groups, namely, one receiving TENS therapy three times a week for 4 weeks and the control group receiving lactulose.

Diterpenoids with diverse scaffolds from Vitex trifolia as potential topoisomerase I inhibitor.

Eleven new compounds, including six labdane (1-6), three halimane (7-9), and two clerodane (10-11) diterpenoids and 16 known analogues (12-27), were isolated from the leaves of Vitex trifolia. The structures of 1-11 were established by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR and HRMS spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of compounds 3, 7, and 10 were assigned using X-ray diffraction.

Modulation of the pentose phosphate pathway alters phase I metabolism of testosterone and dextromethorphan in HepG2 cells.

Aim: The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is involved in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and generation of NADPH, which plays a key role in drug metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of modulation of the PPP on drug metabolism capacity in vitro.

Methods: A pair of hepatic cell lines, ie, the cancerous HepG2 cells and normal L02 cells, was used.

Pharmacokinetic interactions between 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 and the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir in vitro and in vivo.

Aim: 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) has shown potent inhibition on P-glycoprotein (P-gp), while most HIV protease inhibitors are both substrates and inhibitors of P-gp and CYP3A4. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic interactions between Rh2 and the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir.

Methods: The effects of Rh2 on the cellular accumulation and transepithelial transport of ritonavir were studied in Caco-2 and MDCK-MDR1 cells.

Self-assembling nanomicelles of a novel camptothecin prodrug engineered with a redox-responsive release mechanism.

A novel amphiphilic camptothecin prodrug that spontaneously arranges into nanomicelles which preferentially release the cytotoxic drug under tumor-relevant reductive conditions is designed.

[Histological and morphological studies on the rhizomes of Curcuma].

Objective: To provide some new evidences for the identification of medicinal materials of Curcuma.

Method: Microscopic observation was made to characterize the rhizomes of Curcuma.

Result And Conclusion: There were no obvious histological and morphological differences among the rhizomes of Curcuma.