Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced severe epidermal necrolysis mediated by macrophage-derived CXCL10 and abated by TNF blockade.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent new anticancer agents and have been used worldwide. However, ICI can potentially induce life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), hindering continuous ICI therapy. We examine 6 cohorts including 25 ICI-induced SJS/TEN patients and conduct single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, which shows overexpression of macrophage-derived CXCL10 that recruits CXCR3 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in blister cells from ICI-SJS/TEN skin lesions.

Generalized pustular psoriasis: immunological mechanisms, genetics, and emerging therapeutics.

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare human autoinflammatory disorder with life-threatening systemic effects. Keratinocyte-derived interleukin (IL)-36 signaling has been identified as a key mediator of immune response in the skin of affected individuals. Recognition of various mutations along the IL-36 axis and the downstream nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) signaling have established GPP as genetically, immunologically, and histopathologically distinct and amenable to immunomodulation, which is epitomized by the recent success of IL-36 antagonism.

Immunosuppressants in dermatology on vaccine immunogenicity: a prospective cohort study of pemphigus patients in the pandemic.

Introduction: Both cellular and humoral responses are important for vaccine protection, but recommendations on immunosuppressants in dermatology are largely based on pre-pandemic experiences. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of immunosuppressants on humoral and cellular immunogenicity to COVID-19 vaccinations in pemphigus patients.

Methods: SARS-CoV-2-naïve pemphigus patients and age-, and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from multiple tertiary medical centers during 2021-2023.

One-Year Insights into the GLOBOSTAD Multinational Prospective Observational Study of Patients Receiving Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis.

Introduction: Currently, limited data are available on long-term use of dupilumab to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) in a multinational real-world setting. The aim of this analysis was to report the interim 1-year data for patients with AD enrolled in the GLOBOSTAD registry, including treatment patterns, dupilumab effectiveness and safety, and healthcare burden.

Methods: GLOBOSTAD is an ongoing, 5-year, multinational, prospective, observational study of adult/adolescent (aged ≥ 12 years at baseline) patients with AD who initiated dupilumab in real-world settings according to their local country-specific prescribing guidelines.

CCR8/CCL1 and CXCR3/CXCL10 axis-mediated memory T-cell activation in patients with recalcitrant drug-induced hypersensitivity.

Background: As a drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is potentially fatal. Most patients with DRESS recover within a few weeks; however, some patients may suffer from a prolonged disease course and develop autoimmune sequelae.

Objectives: To investigate the immune mechanism and therapeutic targets of patients with recalcitrant DRESS with a prolonged disease course.

T-cell receptor diversity and allergen sensitivity in childhood asthma and atopic dermatitis.

Background: Childhood allergies of asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) involve an overactive T-cell immune response triggered by allergens. However, the impact of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires on allergen sensitization and their role in mediating different phenotypes of asthma and AD in early childhood remains unclear.

Methods: A total of 78 children, comprising 26 with asthma alone, 26 with AD alone, and 26 healthy controls (HC), were enrolled.

Altered microbiome of serum exosomes in patients with acute and chronic cholecystitis.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the microbiota composition of serum exosomes from patients with acute and chronic cholecystitis.

Method: Exosomes were isolated from the serum of cholecystitis patients through centrifugation and identified and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and nano-flow cytometry. Microbiota analysis was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Cutaneous adverse reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccines: Current evidence and potential immune mechanisms.

As the number of vaccinated individuals has increased, there have been increasing reports of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. The main COVID-19 vaccines administered include messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines, non-replicating viral vector vaccines, inactivated whole-virus vaccines, and protein-based vaccines. These vaccines contain active components such as polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, aluminum, tromethamine, and disodium edetate dihydrate.

Clinical characteristics and genetic HLA marker for patients with oxaliplatin-induced adverse drug reactions.

Background: Oxaliplatin is commonly used to treat gastrointestinal malignancies. However, its applications are limited due to potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs), particularly severe anaphylactic shock. There is no method to predict or prevent ADRs caused by oxaliplatin.

Vitamin D level is inversely related to allergen sensitization for risking atopic dermatitis in early childhood.

Background: There are few studies concerning the impact of serum vitamin D status on the risk of allergen sensitization and atopic dermatitis (AD) during early childhood.

Method: Children with AD and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were prospectively enrolled at age 0.5, 2, and 4 years.

Proteomic analysis of serum extracellular vesicles from biliary tract infection patients to identify novel biomarkers.

Biliary tract infection (BTI), a commonly occurring abdominal disease, despite being extensively studied for its initiation and underlying mechanisms, continues to pose a challenge in the quest for identifying specific diagnostic biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which emanate from diverse cell types, serve as minute biological entities that mirror unique physiological or pathological conditions. Despite their potential, there has been a relatively restricted exploration of EV-oriented methodologies for diagnosing BTI.

Gut flora metagenomic analysis coupled with metabolic and deep immune profiling in chronic kidney disease.

Background: Perturbation of gut microbiota has been linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD), which was correlated with a sophisticated milieu of metabolic and immune dysregulation.

Methods: To clarify the underlying host-microbe interaction in CKD, we performed multi-omics measurements, including systems-level gut microbiome, targeted serum metabolome and deep immunotyping, in a cohort of patients and non-CKD controls.

Results: Our analyses on functional profiles of the gut microbiome showed a decrease in the diversity and abundance of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes but an increase in the abundance of antibiotic resistance, nitrogen cycling enzyme and virulence factor genes in CKD.