Butyrate reduction and HDAC4 increase underlie maternal high fructose-induced metabolic dysfunction in hippocampal astrocytes in female rats.

Maternal nutrient intake influences the health of the offspring via microenvironmental systems in digestion and absorption. Maternal high fructose diet (HFD) impairs hippocampus-dependent memory in adult female rat offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear.

Dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics mediated aortic perivascular adipose tissue-associated vascular reactivity impairment under excessive fructose intake.

Excessive fructose intake presents the major risk factor for metabolic cardiovascular disease. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a metabolic tissue and possesses a paracrine function in regulating aortic reactivity. However, whether and how PVAT alters vascular function under fructose overconsumption remains largely unknown.

Long-term patient-reported donor-site morbidity after free peroneal fasciocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction.

Objective: Fasciocutaneous free flap based on the peroneal artery (boneless version) is an option in our practice for head and neck reconstruction. However, the associated donor-site morbidity has rarely been discussed. Thus, this study investigated the long-term patient-reported donor-site morbidity associated with peroneal flaps.

Comparison of the outcomes of anterolateral thigh flap and peroneal flap in total laryngectomy reconstruction.

Background: We usually use an ALT or peroneal flap in total laryngectomy reconstruction, depending on the surgeons' preference. No direct comparison of the outcomes of the ALT flap and peroneal flap exists.

Methods: From 2014 to 2022, we reviewed patients who had total laryngectomy and were reconstructed with an ALT flap and peroneal flap.

Lipopolysaccharide-induced Autophagy Increases SOX2-positive Astrocytes While Decreasing Neuronal Differentiation in the Adult Hippocampus.

Inflammation alters the neural stem cell (NSC) lineage from neuronal to astrogliogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is elusive. Autophagy contributes to the decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.

Local treatment options for young women with ductal carcinoma in situ: A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing breast conserving surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, and mastectomy.

Purpose: Young age is associated with poor prognosis in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of female breast and controversy exists regarding the optimal treatment modality for young patients. We aimed to compare treatment outcomes among breast conserving surgery (BCS), BCS with adjuvant radiotherapy (BCS + RT), and total mastectomy (MT) for young DCIS women.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase were searched for studies reporting comparative results among BCS, BCS + RT, or MT in ≤50 years old (y/o) DCIS females.

High fructose induced osteogenic differentiation of human valve interstitial cells via activating PI3K/AKT/mitochondria signaling.

Background: Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a common, lethal cardiovascular disease. There is no cure except the valve replacement at last stage. Therefore, an understanding of the detail mechanism is imperative to prevent and intervene AS.

A rare case of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, presenting as cellulitis: a case report.

Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, accounts for only 4% of all cutaneous lymphomas and bears a worse prognosis than other cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Diagnosis at an early stage may be difficult due to its nonspecific manifestations. We report an 88-year-old female who was brought to our emergency department due to two rapidly growing painful skin lesions with local redness and swelling on her right lower leg.

Haematogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae osteomyelitis.

Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection has been associated with alcoholic and diabetic patient populations, especially in Asian populations. K. pneumonia wound infection is common, but K.

Osteomyocutaneous Free Fibula Flap Prevents Osteoradionecrosis and Osteomyelitis in Head and Neck Cancer Reconstruction.

Background:  Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is one of the most severe complications of free fibula reconstruction after radiotherapy. The gold standard treatment of osteomyelitis involves extensive debridement, antibiotics, and sufficiently vascularized muscle flap coverage for better circulation. Therefore, we hypothesized that free fibula flap with muscle could decrease the risk of ORN.

Peroneal flap: How to harvest and clinical appraisal for head and neck reconstruction.

Background: A peroneal flap, the boneless version of fibula flap, is considered as the equivalent of radial forearm flap of the lower leg. Because it is thinner than an anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, the use of a peroneal flap is a viable option for the repair of soft tissue defects when a thin flap could bring about better functional and cosmetic outcomes. In this article, we describe the details of peroneal flap harvest and present our experience with the use of peroneal flaps for head and neck reconstruction.

Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw.

Objectives: Antiresorptive agents for bone pain were widely used to treat patients with advanced osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, and bone metastatic cancer. In recent years, however, bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) has been a rare but major complication of this therapy. Most patients with BRONJ undergo dental procedures during treatment with antiresorptive agents.

Supplementation of endogenous Ahr ligands reverses insulin resistance and associated inflammation in an insulin-dependent diabetic mouse model.

Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) plays an important role in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Diabetes is characterized by vascular complications and intestinal dysfunction. We aimed at understanding the relationship between intestinal defense impairment and inflammation in diabetes and effects of Ahr ligands on diabetes-induced insulin resistance, endovascular inflammation, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and flavin mono-oxygenase (FMO3) expression.

Environmental Stimulation Counteracts the Suppressive Effects of Maternal High-Fructose Diet on Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation in the Dentate Gyrus of Adult Female Offspring via Histone Deacetylase 4.

Maternal high-fructose diets (HFD) impair the learning and memory capacity of adult female offspring via histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Hippocampal adult neurogenesis is important for supporting the function of existing neural circuits. In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal HFD on hippocampal neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation in adult offspring.

Maternal high fructose-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation in the adult female offspring via PPARγ-NF-κB signaling.

The mechanisms beneath the initiation of neuroinflammation are still inconclusive. Growing evidence proposes the maternal effect on the development of neuroinflammation. In this study, we evaluated the upstream regulators and the indices of neuroinflammation in the hippocampi of female offspring at 3 months old.

Risk of Free Flap Failure in Head and Neck Reconstruction: Analysis of 21,548 Cases From A Nationwide Database.

Background: Head and neck reconstruction is complicated and is made even more challenging by free flap failure. We identified risk factors associated with free flap failure in records extracted from a nationwide database of a 23 million populations.

Methods: We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Version, codes 140 to 149 and 161 to identify patients in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database with head and neck cancer between 2000 and 2013.

Clinical Importance and Risk Factors for Postoperative Late-Onset Pneumonia After Major Oral Cancer Surgery With Microvascular Reconstruction.

Background: Pulmonary complications are common among patients who have undergone major oral cancer surgery with microvascular reconstruction. Current literatures focused on early-onset pneumonia in the postoperative acute stage. In contrast, we are aiming to identify the clinical importance and the risk factors associated with late-onset pneumonia in oral cancer patients after acute stage.

The safety and benefit of using oxidized regenerated cellulose to position free flap pedicle in head and neck reconstruction.

Background: Oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC; Surgicel®; Ethicon, Neuchâtel, Switzerland) is an absorbable hemostatic agent used for hemostasis in operation, although some surgeons use it to position free flap pedicles. The increasing risk of vessel compromise is a huge concern. However, no scientific data to date demonstrate the safety and benefit of using ORC in microvascular surgery.

Association between blood pressure and postoperative hematomas in the patients undergoing head and neck cancer reconstruction.

Background: Postoperative hematoma is one of the most common complications of free flap reconstruction and compromises the perfusion of pedicles and perforators. Therefore, we reviewed our patients to analyze the associated risk factors.

Method: This study involved a retrospective chart review from 2014 to 2016.

Time-resolved X-ray reflection phases of the nearly forbidden Si(222) reflection under laser excitation.

The covalent electron density, which makes Si(222) measurable, is subject to laser excitation. The three-wave Si(222)/(13 {\overline 1}) diffraction at 7.82 keV is used for phase measurements.

Pioglitazone reversed the fructose-programmed astrocytic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation of female rat offspring.

Excessive maternal high-fructose diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation has been reported to cause metabolic disorders in the offspring. Whether the infant's brain metabolism is disturbed by maternal HFD is largely unknown. Brain energy metabolism is elevated dramatically during fetal and postnatal development, whereby maternal nutrition is a key factor that determines cellular metabolism.

Lactobacillus plantarum reverse diabetes-induced Fmo3 and ICAM expression in mice through enteric dysbiosis-related c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathways.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by increased fatality associated with the atherogenetic process. Circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels are closely associated with atherosclerosis. The flavin mono-oxygenase family (Fmo) members oxidize trimethylamine (TMA) to TMAO.

Obliquely-arranged double skin paddles: A novel design to reconstruct extensive head and neck defects with a single fibula or peroneal flap.

Objective: To reconstruct extensive head and neck defects usually necessitates double free flaps, which require a time-and-manpower-consuming surgical procedure. We present using a single fibula or peroneal flap with the novel design of obliquely-arranged double skin paddles to reconstruct an extensive head and neck defect.

Methods: From 1998 to 2016, eight patients with the age of 52.

Relationship Between Xanthelasma Palpebrarum and Hyperlipidemia.

Background: Xanthelasma palpebrarum is a common periorbital lesion that occurs in middle-aged woman. Dyslipidemia was strongly associated with the occurrence of xanthelasma. Different treatment methods for xanthelasma were applied with comparable results.

Oral pioglitazone ameliorates fructose-induced peripheral insulin resistance and hippocampal gliosis but not restores inhibited hippocampal adult neurogenesis.

Diet-associated insulin resistance (IR) is intimately correlated with the progression of metabolic syndrome and hippocampal dysfunction. Pioglitazone (PIO), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, has been applied to enhance insulin sensitivity. With limited permeability to blood-brain-barrier, it is unclear that whether oral PIO available to cure both the peripheral IR and the impairment in the hippocampus.