Dynamic Kinetic Reductive Conjugate Addition for Construction of Axial Chirality Enabled by Synergistic Photoredox/Cobalt Catalysis.

Conjugate addition is among the most important synthetic protocols for constructing carbon skeletons and is widely used to synthesize natural products and drugs. However, asymmetric catalysis studies have mainly focused on constructing stereogenic centers arising from conjugate alkenes. Here, we report the first photoinduced cobalt-catalyzed dynamic kinetic reductive conjugate addition reaction that enables the formation of heterobiaryls with axial chirality (45 examples, up to 91% yield and 97% ee).

Iodine-Promoted Oxidative Cyclization of Methyl Azaarenes and α-Amino Ketones for One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Azaaryl-5-aryl Oxazoles.

A high efficiency protocol was developed for the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles via iodine-promoted oxidative domino cyclization. These reactions were performed with readily available methyl azaarenes and α-amino ketones under metal-free conditions. This protocol is a simple method with high functional group compatibility, a wide range of substrates, and excellent yield, providing a new way to synthesize azaarene-attached oxazoles.

Northern Hemisphere Urban Heat Stress and Associated Labor Hour Hazard from ERA5 Reanalysis.

Increasing surface air temperature is a fundamental characteristic of a warming world. Rising temperatures have potential impacts on human health through heat stress. One heat stress metric is the wet-bulb globe temperature, which takes into consideration the effects of radiation, humidity, and wind speed.

Assessing the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of COVID-19 among Quarantine Hotel Workers in China.

During the pandemic, quarantine hotel workers face a higher risk of infection while they host quarantine guests from overseas. This study's aim is to gain an understanding of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of quarantine hotel workers in China. A total of 170 participants took part in a cross-sectional survey to assess the KAP of quarantine hotel workers in China, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Concurrent assessment of personal, indoor, and outdoor PM and PM levels and source contributions using novel low-cost sensing devices.

The intensity, frequency, duration, and contribution of distinct PM sources in Asian households have seldom been assessed; these are evaluated in this work with concurrent personal, indoor, and outdoor PM and PM monitoring using novel low-cost sensing (LCS) devices, AS-LUNG. GRIMM-comparable observations were acquired by the corrected AS-LUNG readings, with R up to 0.998.

Correction: Panel study using novel sensing devices to assess associations of PM with heart rate variability and exposure sources.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Application of Machine Learning for the in-Field Correction of a PM Low-Cost Sensor Network.

Many low-cost sensors (LCSs) are distributed for air monitoring without any rigorous calibrations. This work applies machine learning with PM from Taiwan monitoring stations to conduct in-field corrections on a network of 39 PM LCSs from July 2017 to December 2018. Three candidate models were evaluated: Multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR).

Fusion of Environmental Sensing on PM and Deep Learning on Vehicle Detecting for Acquiring Roadside PM Concentration Increments.

Traffic emission is one of the major contributors to urban PM, an important environmental health hazard. Estimating roadside PM concentration increments (above background levels) due to vehicles would assist in understanding pedestrians' actual exposures. This work combines PM sensing and vehicle detecting to acquire roadside PM concentration increments due to vehicles.

Panel study using novel sensing devices to assess associations of PM with heart rate variability and exposure sources.

Background/objective: This work applied a newly developed low-cost sensing (LCS) device (AS-LUNG-P) and a certified medical LCS device (Rooti RX) to assessing PM impacts on heart rate variability (HRV) and determining important exposure sources, with less inconvenience to subjects.

Methods: Observations using AS-LUNG-P were corrected by side-by-side comparison with GRIMM instruments. Thirty-six nonsmoking healthy subjects aged 20-65 years were wearing AS-LUNG-P and Rooti RX for 2-4 days in both Summer and Winter in Taiwan.

Laboratory Evaluations of Correction Equations with Multiple Choices for Seed Low-Cost Particle Sensing Devices in Sensor Networks.

To tackle the challenge of the data accuracy issues of low-cost sensors (LCSs), the objective of this work was to obtain robust correction equations to convert LCS signals into data comparable to that of research-grade instruments using side-by-side comparisons. Limited sets of seed LCS devices, after laboratory evaluations, can be installed strategically in areas of interest without official monitoring stations to enable reading adjustments of other uncalibrated LCS devices to enhance the data quality of sensor networks. The robustness of these equations for LCS devices (AS-LUNG with PMS3003 sensor) under a hood and a chamber with two different burnt materials and before and after 1.

A versatile low-cost sensing device for assessing PM spatiotemporal variation and quantifying source contribution.

This study evaluated a newly developed sensing device, AS-LUNG-O, against a research-grade GRIMM in laboratory and ambient conditions and used AS-LUNG-O to assess PM spatiotemporal variations at street levels of an Asian mountain community, which represented residents' exposure (at the interface of atmosphere and human bodies leading to potential health impacts). In laboratory, R of 1-min AS-LUNG-O and GRIMM was 0.95 ± 0.

Aurora B functions at the apical surface after specialized cytokinesis during morphogenesis in .

Although cytokinesis has been intensely studied, the way it is executed during development is not well understood, despite a long-standing appreciation that various aspects of cytokinesis vary across cell and tissue types. To address this, we investigated cytokinesis during the invariant embryonic divisions and found several parameters that are altered at different stages in a reproducible manner. During early divisions, furrow ingression asymmetry and midbody inheritance is consistent, suggesting specific regulation of these events.

Rapid single-wavelength lightsheet localization microscopy for clarified tissue.

Optical super-resolution microscopy allows nanoscale imaging of protein molecules in intact biological tissues. However, it is still challenging to perform large volume super-resolution imaging for entire animal organs. Here we develop a single-wavelength Bessel lightsheet method, optimized for refractive-index matching with clarified specimens to overcome the aberrations encountered in imaging thick tissues.

Isoflurane produces antidepressant effects inducing BDNF-TrkB signaling in CUMS mice.

Rationale: The volatile anesthetic isoflurane is suggested to produce a rapid and robust antidepressive effect in preliminary clinical trials. Recently, isoflurane was found to activate the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling which is the underlying mechanism of the rapid antidepressant ketamine.

Objective: Our study investigated the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on chronic unpredictable mild stressed (CUMS) model in mice and verified the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB/ the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in the antidepressant effect of isoflurane.

Industrial PM cause pulmonary adverse effect through RhoA/ROCK pathway.

According to the Chinese Ministry of Health, industrial pollution-induced health impacts have been the leading cause of death in China. While industrial fine particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse health effects, the major action mechanisms of different compositions of PM are currently unclear. In this study, we treated normal human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells with industrial organic and water-soluble PM extracts under daily alveolar deposition dose to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying adverse pulmonary effects induced by PM, including oxidative damage, inflammatory response, lung epithelial barrier dysfunction, and the recruitment of macrophages.

Consecutive evaluation of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets immunotoxicity on monocytes.

The biocompatibilities of graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) should be thoroughly evaluated before their application in drug delivery and anticancer therapy. The present study aimed to consecutively assess the immunotoxicity of graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONPs) and reduced GONPs (rGONPs) on THP-1 cells, a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line. GONPs induced the expression of antioxidative enzymes and inflammatory factors, whereas rGONPs had substantially higher cellular uptake rate, higher levels of NF-κB expression.

Improved Anticancer Photothermal Therapy Using the Bystander Effect Enhanced by Antiarrhythmic Peptide Conjugated Dopamine-Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite.

Despite tremendous efforts toward developing novel near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing nanomaterials, improvement in therapeutic efficiency remains a formidable challenge in photothermal cancer therapy. This study aims to synthesize a specific peptide conjugated polydopamine-modified reduced graphene oxide (pDA/rGO) nanocomposite that promotes the bystander effect to facilitate cancer treatment using NIR-activated photothermal therapy. To prepare a nanoplatform capable of promoting the bystander effect in cancer cells, we immobilized antiarrhythmic peptide 10 (AAP10) on the surface of dopamine-modified rGO (AAP10-pDA/rGO).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are associated with increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during haze events in China.

Although exposure to particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5μm (PM) is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the major components of PM in COPD pathogenesis are controversial. Here we employed the human lung epithelial cell line BEAS-2B to elucidate the association between COPD and the organic and water-soluble components of PM.

Nano zerovalent iron particles induce pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicity in an in vitro human co-culture model.

Despite promising environmental applications for nano zerovalent iron (nZVI), concerns remain about the potential accumulation and toxic effects of nZVI particles. Here, we use an alveolar-capillary co-culture model to investigate a possible link between low-level epithelial exposure to nZVI and pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicity. While nZVI was unable to pass through the epithelial barrier into the endothelium, nZVI exposure did cause oxidative and inflammatory responses in both epithelial and endothelial cells.

Analysis of the influence of quantile regression model on mainland tourists' service satisfaction performance.

It is estimated that mainland Chinese tourists travelling to Taiwan can bring annual revenues of 400 billion NTD to the Taiwan economy. Thus, how the Taiwanese Government formulates relevant measures to satisfy both sides is the focus of most concern. Taiwan must improve the facilities and service quality of its tourism industry so as to attract more mainland tourists.

The complete S RNA and M RNA nucleotide sequences of a hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRV) isolate from Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb in China.

An isolate of hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRV) named HLS1-2, causing necrotic spots on leaves of spider lily, was obtained and characterized in China. The complete S RNA and M RNAs of the HLS1-2 isolate are 2724 nt and 4741 nt in length, respectively. The HLS1-2 S RNA sequence is most closely related to that of HCRV, with 99 % identity.