Strength training for prepubescent males: is it safe?

This study examined the safety of one type of strength training for prepubescent males. Eighteen males (average age, 8.3 +/- 1.

The effects of hydraulic resistance strength training in pre-pubertal males.

In order to examine the effectiveness and safety of hydraulic resistance strength training in young males, 26 pre-pubertal males (mean age = 8.2 +/- 1.3 yr) completed a 14-wk strength training study.

Effects of physical training on cardiovascular fitness and behavior patterns of mentally retarded adults.

The effects of training on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and body weight of 5 mentally retarded adults were examined. These residents of an intermediate care facility volunteered to participate in a 23-week physical-training program. Supervised training sessions were held 4 to 6 days per week with attendance optional.

Differential effects of exercise on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels seen with changes in body weight. A meta-analysis.

Ninety-five studies conducted between September 1955 and October 1983 measuring changes in human serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in response to exercise training were analyzed using meta-analysis. Change in body weight during exercise training may confound observed serum lipid and lipoprotein level changes; thus, data from these studies were partitioned into those where subjects gained body weight, maintained body weight, or lost body weight. Results showed differential changes in cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in the three body-weight categories.

Effects of methylphenidate on whirler mice: an animal model for hyperkinesis.

The neurological mutant whirler mouse, one of several strains of waltzing mice, may be suitable as an animal model for testing studies relative to hyperkinesis. As in hyperkinetic children, behaviorally the mice are extremely restless, nervous, excitable, irritable and aggressive but also show symptoms of rotation behavior, head-shaking and deafness. This study demonstrated that paradoxically oral intubation of daily doses of 5.

Prediction of maximal effort bicycle ergometer endurance performance.

Fifteen competitive cyclists and 15 subjects not involved in competitive cycling were studied to determine the relationship between VO2max, lactate threshold (LT), fixed blood lactate concentrations, body composition parameters, and maximal effort bicycle ergometer performance. The subjects were assessed for VO2max, LT, VOLT, and VO2 associated with blood lactate concentrations of 3, 4, 5, and 6 mM/l (VO2 3 mM-VO2 6 mM/l), using an incremental protocol on the bicycle ergometer. Body composition was determined by underwater weighing.

Difficulty in Diagnosing and Treating Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Competitive Basketball Player.

In brief: Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in young athletes are rare. The authors report a case of deep vein thrombosis in a high school basketball player whose symptoms of sharp chest pains in his right side, shortness of breath, chills, and hemoptysis suggested pneumonia. The case demonstrates a need for early diagnosis and proper therapy.

Effects of pedal frequency on VO2 and work output at lactate threshold (LT), fixed blood lactate concentrations of 2 mM and 4 mM, and max in competitive cyclists.

To determine the effects of differing pedal frequencies on VO2 and work output values at the lactate threshold (LT), fixed blood lactate concentrations of 2 mM and 4 mM (2 mM, 4 mM), and at max, nine male competitive road racing cyclists (USCF category I or II) completed three VO2 max tests; on a Monark bicycle ergometer, at pedal frequencies of 60, 90, and 120 rpm. Each stage was 3 min in duration, starting at 0 kgm/min with subsequent stages increased by either 180 kgm/min (60 and 120 rpm) or 178 kgm/min (90 rpm). Blood samples were taken during the last 30 s of each stage.

Effects of training at and above the lactate threshold on the lactate threshold and maximal oxygen uptake.

Thirty-three college women (mean age = 21.8 years) participated in a 5 d X wk-1, 12 week training program. Subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups, above lactate threshold (greater than LT) (N = 11; trained at 69 watts above the workload associated with LT), = LT (N = 12; trained at the work load associated with LT) and control (C) (N = 10).

Prior exhaustive exercise and subsequent, maximal constant load exercise performance.

The effect of an elevated blood lactate concentration on maximal constant load exercise performance (MCLE) was studied in nine males. Two experimental sessions followed a continuous VO2max test, each consisting of an initial work bout at approximately 110% VO2max, a 20 min recovery, and a second maximal performance test. Blood lactate concentrations reached approximately 10 mM following the initial work bout and were altered prior to the second bout by one of two recovery patterns: 1) active recovery (AR)--pedaling at 40% VO2max or 2) passive recovery (PR)--sitting quietly.

The effects of exercise on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis of studies.

The results of 66 training studies involving the measurement of human blood lipid and lipoprotein changes over time, conducted over the last 26 yr, and representing 2925 subjects (2086 experimental and 839 control) were collected and statistically aggregated using the meta-analysis technique. Across all types of subjects, treatments, sources, and research designs, the average exercising subject was found to have a reduction in total cholesterol of 10 mg X dl-1 (P les than 0.01), total triglyceride decreased by 15.