Imaging of Bowel Ischemia: An Update, From the Special Series on Emergency Radiology.

Acute mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening condition that results from abrupt reduction in or cessation of blood flow to the bowel. Characterized by nonspecific abdominal symptoms, mesenteric ischemia is infrequently encountered and commonly misdiagnosed, with potentially catastrophic consequences. Prompt clinical diagnosis and early implementation of therapeutic interventions are critical to improving patient outcomes.

Considerations for multimodal prehabilitation in women with gynaecological cancers: a scoping review using realist principles.

Background: There is increasing recognition that prehabilitation is important as a means of preparing patients physically and psychologically for cancer treatment. However, little is understood about the role and optimal nature of prehabilitation for gynaecological cancer patients, who usually face extensive and life-changing surgery in addition to other treatments that impact significantly on physiological and psychosexual wellbeing.

Review Question: This scoping review was conducted to collate the research evidence on multimodal prehabilitation in gynaecological cancers and the related barriers and facilitators to engagement and delivery that should be considered when designing a prehabilitation intervention for this group of women.

The effect of pre-calving injection of trace mineral supplements on periparturient disease incidence in pasture based dairy cows.

Trace minerals, have a role in immune function and a trace mineral supplement (TMS) can improve animal health in dairy herds. This prospective randomised clinical study assessed whether subcutaneous injection of 5.5 mL of TMS (40 mg zinc, 10 mg manganese, 5 mg selenium, 15 mg copper per mL), 14-28 days before planned start of calving (PSC) reduced clinical mastitis (CM), subclinical mastitis (SCM) and purulent vaginal discharge (PVD).

Applying Automated Machine Learning to Predict Mode of Delivery Using Ongoing Intrapartum Data in Laboring Patients.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model to predict the probability of a vaginal delivery (Partometer) using data iteratively obtained during labor from the electronic health record.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study of deliveries at an academic, tertiary care hospital was conducted from 2013 to 2019 who had at least two cervical examinations. The population was divided into those delivered by physicians with nulliparous term singleton vertex (NTSV) cesarean delivery rates <23.

Eosinophilic Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Associated Abdominal Viscera: Imaging Findings and Diagnosis.

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract that are characterized by tissue eosinophilia and end-organ dysfunction or damage. Primary EGIDs are associated with atopy and other allergic conditions, whereas secondary EGIDs are associated with underlying systemic diseases or hypereosinophilic syndrome. Within the spectrum of EGIDs, eosinophilic esophagitis is the most prevalent.

MELD-GRAIL and MELD-GRAIL-Na Are Not Superior to MELD or MELD-Na in Predicting Liver Transplant Waiting List Mortality at a Single-center Level.

Background: Controversy exists regarding the best predictive model of liver transplant waiting list (WL) mortality. Models for end-stage liver disease-glomerular filtration rate assessment in liver disease (MELD-GRAIL) and MELD-GRAIL-Na were recently described to provide better prognostication, particularly in females. We evaluated the performance of these scores compared to MELD and MELD-Na.

Molecularly cleavable bioinks facilitate high-performance digital light processing-based bioprinting of functional volumetric soft tissues.

Digital light processing bioprinting favors biofabrication of tissues with improved structural complexity. However, soft-tissue fabrication with this method remains a challenge to balance the physical performances of the bioinks for high-fidelity bioprinting and suitable microenvironments for the encapsulated cells to thrive. Here, we propose a molecular cleavage approach, where hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) is mixed with gelatin methacryloyl to achieve high-performance bioprinting, followed by selectively enzymatic digestion of HAMA, resulting in tissue-matching mechanical properties without losing the structural complexity and fidelity.

Upper Extremity Wounds Treated with Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix versus Collagen-Chondroitin Silicone Bilayer.

 This study aims to compare outcomes between Novosorb Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix (BTM) and Integra collagen-chondroitin silicone for upper-extremity wound reconstruction.  This retrospective study analyzed adult patients who underwent wound reconstruction with either BTM or Integra at our institution between 2015 and 2020.  Forty-eight patients were included: 31 (64.

Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: Trends in Early Surgical Intervention over the Last Three Decades.

Unlabelled: Early surgical management of brachial plexus birth injury has advanced owing to targeted surgical techniques and increases in specialty-centers and multi-institutional collaboration. This study seeks to determine trends in the early surgical management of BPBI over the last 30 years.

Methods: A systematic review was performed through MEDLINE (PubMed) identifying studies limited to the early surgical management of BPBI from 1990 to current.

Transgenic Anopheles mosquitoes expressing human PAI-1 impair malaria transmission.

In mammals, the serine protease plasmin degrades extracellular proteins during blood clot removal, tissue remodeling, and cell migration. The zymogen plasminogen is activated into plasmin by two serine proteases: tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a process regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor that specifically inhibits tPA and uPA. Plasmodium gametes and sporozoites use tPA and uPA to activate plasminogen and parasite-bound plasmin degrades extracellular matrices, facilitating parasite motility in the mosquito and the mammalian host.

Open reduction of pediatric lateral condyle fractures: a systematic review.

Introduction: Lateral condyle fractures are the second most common pediatric elbow fracture. There exist multiple options for internal fixation including buried K-wires, unburied K-wires, and screw fixation. Our study aims to review the current literature and determine if fixation strategy affects outcomes to include fracture union, postoperative range of motion, and need subsequent surgery.

Using threshold analysis to assess the robustness of public health intervention recommendations from network meta-analyses: application to accident prevention in households with children under five.

Background: In the appraisal of clinical interventions, complex evidence synthesis methods, such as network meta-analysis (NMA), are commonly used to investigate the effectiveness of multiple interventions in a single analysis. The results from a NMA can inform clinical guidelines directly or be used as inputs into a decision-analytic model assessing the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. However, there is hesitancy in using complex evidence synthesis methods when evaluating public health interventions.

Tooth Structure Removed in Primary Molar Prefabricated Crown Preparations of Typodont Teeth.

Purpose: Esthetic prefabricated pediatric crowns require more tooth reduction than stainless steel crowns due to their passive fit. The purpose of this study was to determine tooth reduction in primary molar preparations for various pediatric prefabricated crowns.

Methods: Fifty primary maxillary and fifty mandibular typodont molars were scanned with an optical scanner.

ANCA Associated Vasculitis Subtypes: Recent Insights and Future Perspectives.

The ANCA associated vasculitides (AAVs) affect a range of internal organs including ear nose and throat, respiratory tract, kidneys, skin and nervous system. They include granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). The AAVs are treated with high dose glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and targeted biological medications.

Offloading treatment in people with diabetic foot disease: A systematic scoping review on adherence to foot offloading.

Background And Aims: To identify measurement methods, proportions of adherent participants, factors affecting adherence, and concordance promoting interventions.

Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted by searching Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, and EMCARE databases.

Results: Twenty-four trials were identified from 1001 citations.

Performance of biodegradable temporizing matrix vs collagen-chondroitin silicone bilayer dermal regeneration substitutes in soft tissue wound healing: a retrospective analysis.

Introduction: This study compared outcomes of soft tissue reconstruction using biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM) and collagen-chondroitin silicone (CCS) skin substitutes.

Objective: In this study, the authors compared wound healing rates and complication rates between BTM and CCS.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study reviewed outcomes for adult patients who underwent soft tissue reconstruction with either BTM or CCS skin substitutes between 2015 and 2020.

Midwives and child health nurses' support is associated with positive coparenting for fathers of infants: A cross-sectional analysis.

Aims And Objectives: To examine if the professional support that fathers received from midwives and child health nurses was associated with improvements in fathers' coparenting. A secondary aim was to investigate if there were any support differences between fathers based on parity.

Background: Stronger coparenting is associated with improved maternal, paternal and child health.

A realist evaluation case study of the implementation of advanced nurse practitioner roles in primary care in Scotland.

Aim: To evaluate Advanced Nurse Practitioner (ANP) role implementation in primary care across Scotland in contributing to primary care transformation, and establish what works, for whom, why and in what context.

Design: A realist evaluation using multiple case studies.

Methods: Two phases, conducted March 2017 to May 2018: (1) multiple case studies of ANP implementation in 15 health boards across Scotland, deductive thematic analysis of interviews, documentary analysis; (2) in-depth case studies of five health boards, framework analysis of interviews and focus groups.

A qualitative study of Swedish fathers' experiences of becoming a father during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Expectant fathers want to participate in perinatal care. COVID-19 policies restrict their access to care, but it is unknown how these policies have affected them. The aim of this study is to explore the perinatal care given to and wanted by expectant and new fathers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden.