Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review.

Objective:  The evaluation of the available evidence on vertical transmission by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV)-2.

Data Sources:  An electronic search was performed on June 13, 2020 on the Embase, PubMed and Scopus databases using the following search terms: ( OR OR OR OR OR ) AND ( OR OR ).

Selection Of Studies:  The electronic search resulted in a total of 2,073 records.

Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Metabolic and Clinical Effects.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is related to clinical and metabolic comorbidities that may limit the prescription of combined hormonal contraceptives, with consequent need to use progestogen-only contraceptives (POCs). Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and metabolic effects of a POC, the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), in women with PCOS followed up over a period of 6 months compared to baseline and to women without PCOS. Thus, an observational, prospective, controlled study was conducted on 30 women with a diagnosis of PCOS who presented adverse effect secondary to the use of combined oral contraceptives (nausea, headache, mastalgia or vomiting; PCOS group) paired with 30 ovulatory women without PCOS (control group), both groups being free of comorbidities and having chosen the LNG-IUS as contraceptive.

Assessment of nitrite oxide and maternal-fetal Doppler parameters during pregnancy.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate and compare the whole blood nitrite concentration in the three trimesters of pregnancy. Additionally, we investigate whether there is any relation between nitrite concentrations and Doppler ultrasound analysis of some maternal and fetal vessels.

Methods: Thirty-three healthy pregnant women were examined at the first (11-14 weeks), second (20-24 weeks) and third trimester (34-36 weeks) of pregnancy.

Surface electromyography and ultrasound evaluation of pelvic floor muscles in hyperandrogenic women.

Introduction: High levels of androgens increase muscle mass. Due to the characteristics of hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), it is plausible that women with PCOS may have increased pelvic floor muscle (PFM) thickness and neuromuscular activity levels compared with controls. The aim of this study was to assess PFM thickness and neuromuscular activity among hyperandrogenic women with PCOS and controls.

Assessment of foetal wellbeing in pregnant women subjected to pelvic floor muscle training: a controlled randomised study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The objective was to assess foetal wellbeing in pregnant women subjected to pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) by evaluating the acute and chronic effects of the procedure using the Doppler method.

Methods: Ninety-six primigravidae with singleton pregnancies and at a low risk of pregnancy complications were randomised to either intervention with PFMT or no intervention. The final analysis included 26 women in the intervention group and 33 in the control group.

A new method to predict the epidemiology of fungal keratitis by monitoring the sales distribution of antifungal eye drops in Brazil.

Purpose: Fungi are a major cause of keratitis, although few medications are licensed for their treatment. The aim of this study is to observe the variation in commercialisation of antifungal eye drops, and to predict the seasonal distribution of fungal keratitis in Brazil.

Methods: Data from a retrospective study of antifungal eye drops sales from the only pharmaceutical ophthalmologic laboratory, authorized to dispense them in Brazil (Opthalmos) were gathered.

Fetal thigh volume by 3D sonography using XI VOCAL: reproducibility and reference range for Brazilian healthy fetuses between 20 and 40 weeks.

Objective: To provide reference values for fetal thigh volume using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and the eXtended Imaging Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (XI VOCAL) method.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 425 healthy pregnant women between the 20(th) and 40(th) weeks of gestation. The XI VOCAL was performed along the axial cross-section in ten sequential areas for the volumetric calculations, having the proximal and distal echogenic diaphysis as references.

Tibolone in postmenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study.

Objective: To determine the influence of the use of tibolone on the frequency of flares of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in postmenopausal patients.

Methods: Thirty patients with inactive or controlled SLE were included in the study. Patients were randomized to receive a 12-month course of either tibolona (2.

Increased arterial stiffness in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) without comorbidities: one more characteristic inherent to the syndrome?

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with adverse metabolic effects. Some cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers are increased in women with PCOS. However, early markers of atherosclerosis are also associated with obesity and insulin resistance, which are related to PCOS.

Both a combined oral contraceptive and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate impair endothelial function in young women.

Background: The study was conducted to determine whether the use of a combined oral contraceptive (COC) or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) interferes with endothelial function.

Study Design: The study was conducted on 100 women between the ages of 18 and 30 years. Fifty women had not used hormonal contraception (control group) for at least 12 months, 25 were current users of a COC (ethinylestradiol 30 mcg+levonorgestrel 150 mcg) and 25 were current users of DMPA (150 mg) for at least a 6-month period.

Sonographic evaluation of endothelial function in letrozole and tamoxifen users.

Objectives: Studies have shown that women previously treated for breast cancer present fewer cardiovascular events, indicating a possible protective effect of tamoxifen treatment. The effects of these aromatase inhibitors on cardiovascular protection remain controversial. The aim of this study was to compare some cardiovascular risk markers among breast cancer survivors following treatment with tamoxifen group (TMXg), letrozole group (LTZg) or no endocrine treatment group (NETg).

Uterine ultrasonographic changes during endometriosis treatment: a comparison between levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.

We compared the effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (LNG-IUD) and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on uterine volume, uterine arteries pulsatility index (PI) and endometrial thickness before and after six months of endometriosis treatment. Sixty women aged 18-40 y were allocated randomly to one of two groups: LNG-IUDs were inserted in 30 women, and GnRHa monthly injections were performed on the other 30. All 60 women were submitted to transvaginal 2-D ultrasound scans on the day that the treatment started and then six months later.

Endometrial thickness and volume by three-dimensional ultrasound one week after embryo transfer to detect pregnancy.

Purpose: Determine if the evaluation of endometrium one week after embryo transfer can predict pregnancy.

Methods: Endometrial volume and thickness were evaluated by three-dimensional ultrasound in 40 patients one week after embryo transfer. These results were compared to serum pregnancy test performed one week later.

Agreement among insulin sensitivity indexes on the diagnosis of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome and ovulatory women.

Objective: The objective was to compare agreement on the diagnosis of insulin resistance (IR) among insulin sensitivity indexes in both ovulatory women and those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Study Design: In an observational study, the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 105 women with PCOS and 51 ovulatory women. The insulin sensitivity indexes used were insulin quantitative sensitivity check index (QUICKI), 1/homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (1/HOMA-IR), area under curve for insulin (AUC-I), and the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (COMP).

Endometrial thickness and volume by three-dimensional ultrasound one week after embryo transfer to detect pregnancy.

Purpose: Determine if the evaluation of endometrium one week after embryo transfer can predict pregnancy.

Methods: Endometrial volume and thickness were evaluated by three-dimensional ultrasound in 40 patients one week after embryo transfer. These results were compared to serum pregnancy test performed one week later.