Experimental Yellow Fever in the Squirrel Monkey ( spp.): Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings.

Between 2016 and 2018, Brazil experienced the largest sylvatic epidemic of yellow fever virus (YFV). Despite to the magnitude and rapid spread of the epidemic, little is known about YFV dispersion. The study evaluated whether the squirrel monkey is a good model for yellow fever (YF) studies.

Lipid profile, apolipoproteins A-1 and B in owl monkeys (Aotus infulatus) in captivity.

Background: Owl monkeys (Aotus infulatus) are frequently affected by heart diseases and, as in humans, dyslipidemia is one of the predisposing factors for adverse cardiovascular events. In view of this, the study of the lipid profile and plasma apolipoproteins can contribute to the clinical management of this neotropical primate species.

Methods: Lipid profile as well as A-1 and B apolipoprotein values were analyzed in 60 owl monkeys, studying their relationship with body biometry and the presence of cardiac alterations.

Use of monitoring indicators in hospital management of antimicrobials.

Background: According to the literature, 25% to 50% of antimicrobials prescribed in hospitals are unnecessary or inappropriate, directly impacting antimicrobial resistance. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of antimicrobials in a university hospital in Northeast Brazil, using days of therapy (DOT) and length of therapy (LOT) indicators in accordance with the latest national and international recommendations for monitoring the use of antimicrobials.

Methods: This is an observational, prospective analytical study conducted in a teaching hospital, with 94 active beds, distributed between the intensive care unit (ICU), the surgical clinic (SUR), the medical clinic (MED), the pneumology/infectology department (PNE/INF) and pediatrics (PED).

Hepatic lesions in captive owl monkeys (Aotus infulatus) with ultrasonographic "starry sky" liver.

Background: The "starry sky" (SK) liver is ultrasonographic pattern characterized by multiple hyperechogenic foci in hepatic parenchyma. The study aimed to characterize the microscopic hepatic lesions in captive owl monkeys with SK liver.

Methods: Thirty-seven clinically healthy owl monkeys had their liver scanned and 18 of them had liver biopsy.

Biochemistry, Doppler echocardiography, and electrocardiography evaluation in captive owl monkeys (Aotus sp).

Background: The cardiovascular system of owl monkeys has been studied due to frequent postmortem findings of heart disease in asymptomatic animals. The silent aspect and the difficulty of early diagnosis intensify the importance of studying the cardiovascular system in this species.

Methods: Echocardiogram evaluation was carried out on 60 animals, grouped into suspect or non-suspect of having heart diseases, and evaluated through electrocardiogram, hematology, and biochemical tests.

Prenatal disorders and congenital Zika syndrome in squirrel monkeys.

During the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil (2015-2016), the clinical manifestations associated with its infection were complex and included miscarriage and congenital malformations, not previously described. In this study, we evaluated the prenatal conditions of pregnant female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) infected during different gestational thirds (GTs) and assessed all clinical aspects, diagnostic imaging, viremia and the immune response. In our study, 75% of the infected animals in the 1st GT group had significant clinical manifestations, such as miscarriage and prolonged viremia associated with a late immune response.

First Report of Canine Infection by () in the Brazilian Amazon.

Unlabelled: The American cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are zooanthroponoses transmitted by sand flies. Brazil records thousands of human leishmaniasis cases annually. Dogs are reservoirs of , which causes VL, but their role in the transmission cycle of CL is debatable.

Experimental yellow fever virus infection in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri spp.) I: gross anatomical and histopathological findings in organs at necropsy.

Background: Non-human primates contribute to the spread of the yellow fever virus (YFV) and the establishment of transmission cycles in endemic areas.

Objective: To describe the severe histopathological aspects of YFV infection, 10 squirrel monkeys were infected with YFV and blood, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, lymph node and stomach were collected at 1-7, 10, 20 and 30 days post-infection (dpi).

Methods: Histopathological analysis and detection of the genome and viral antigens and neutralising antibodies were performed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and neutralisation test, respectively.

Unlicensed and off-label prescription of drugs to children in primary health care: A systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate unlicensed and off-label prescription and use of drugs to children in primary health care.

Methods: This is a systematic review that was written based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The studies were extracted from the databases: LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus.

Abdominal ultrasound in Saguinus ursulus.

Background: The classification of Saguinus ursulus as a new taxon and the vulnerability of this species highlighted the need for data on its specific morphophysiological attributes. This study used ultrasound to determine the typical characteristics of pelvic-abdominal structures and organs.

Methods: Nine healthy primates of the species S.

Challenges to the consolidation of pharmacovigilance practices in Brazil: limitations of the hospital pharmacist.

Aims: The aim of this study was to present the needs of hospital pharmacists in pharmacovigilance practices.

Methods: This study has a cross-sectional design and was carried out with hospital pharmacists in Brazil. The sample was obtained by voluntary recruitment.

Risk factors for adverse drug reactions in pediatric inpatients: A cohort study.

Purpose: The present study aims to identify the risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADR) in pediatric inpatients.

Methods: A prospective cohort study in one general pediatric ward in a hospital in Northeast Brazil was conducted in two stages: the first stage was conducted between August 17th and November 6th, 2015, and the second one between March 1st and August 25th, 2016. We included children aged 0-14 years 11 months hospitalized with a minimum stay of 48 hours.

Risk factors for adverse drug reactions in pediatric inpatients: a systematic review.

Background: The main objective of the present systematic review is to identify potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) through prospective cohort studies in pediatric inpatients.

Methods: The data search was done in the following electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE; Scopus; LILACS and Web of Science from the earliest record until 31 May 2015. Two reviewers independently screened each study and one of them assessed the methodological quality according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies.

The use of medicinal plants in venous ulcers: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of varicose ulcers. The databases used in the search were: Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Cinhal, Lilacs and Web of Science. The selection process was divided into two phases: the reading of titles and abstracts and the full reading of selected articles.

The effect of active learning methodologies on the teaching of pharmaceutical care in a Brazilian pharmacy faculty.

Background: In recent years, pharmacists have been involved in expanded patient care responsibilities, for example patient counseling in self-medication, medication review and pharmaceutical care, which require graduates to develop the necessary competences. Consequently, reorientation of pharmacy education has become necessary. As such, active learning strategies have been introduced into classrooms to increase problem-solving and critical thinking skills of students.

Use of herbal medicines by elderly patients: A systematic review.

Objectives: We aimed to survey the published literature for articles that describe the use of herbal supplements by elderly patients and to summarize important aspects of selected studies, including most commonly used supplements, study type, study location, and potential hazards of herbal supplement use.

Methods: Literature searches were conducted on three scientific/medical databases: Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. Search results were examined for articles involving the use of herbal products in the elderly population that met selection criteria.

[Indicators for drug selection in health systems: an integrative review].

Objective: To produce a panel of the main drug selection indicators by performing an integrative literature review.

Methods: After the elaboration of a review protocol, searches were conducted in LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase, and SciELO databases. The following search terms were used: "indicators"; "criteria"; "drug selection"; "pharmacy and therapeutics committee"; and "medication form"; with the applicable variations in English and Spanish.

Pharmaceutical care in hypertensive patients: a systematic literature review.

Background: Since the conception of pharmaceutical care in 1990, many studies have been published purported to implement and/or evaluate interventions under this aegis; however, most have been criticized in methodological approach. As such, there is a need to assess the scientific rigor of the published studies and examine the biases that may compromise the hardiness of their findings.

Objectives: The aim of this review is to describe and appraise published research on the management of patients diagnosed with essential hypertension under the guise of pharmaceutical care.