Incidence of pressure injury in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.

Background: Patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) may develop pressure injury (PI) due to haemodynamic instability caused by the disease, lack of mobility in bed, as well as intense and prolonged compression in prominent bone areas.

Objective: The objective of this review is to assess the incidence and identify risk factor for the development of PI in patients with moderate and severe TBI admitted to the ICU.

Method: Searches were conducted in the PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Trove and Open Grey databases, including all records found up to May 2023.

Preoperative Cortical Mapping for Brain Tumor Surgery Using Navigated Transcranial Stimulation: Analysis of Accuracy.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) represents a distinctive technique for non-invasive brain stimulation. Recent advancements in image processing have enabled the enhancement of TMS by integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities with TMS via a neuronavigation system. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of navigated TMS for cortical mapping in comparison to surgical mapping using direct electrical stimulation (DES).

Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients in the presence of autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and rapidly progressive motoneuron degenerative disorder. There are still no drugs capable of slowing disease evolution or improving life quality of ALS patients. Thus, autologous stem cell therapy has emerged as an alternative treatment regime to be investigated in clinical ALS.

Initial clinical evidence on biperiden as antiepileptogenic after traumatic brain injury-a randomized clinical trial.

There is currently no efficacious intervention for preventing post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). Preclinical studies support the potential use of anticholinergics for this condition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of biperiden as an intervention for preventing PTE.

Brazilian pediatric patients with gliomas: treatment characteristics and survival outcomes.

Background: The current study aimed to determine the overall survival (OS) rates of patients diagnosed with pediatric gliomas in Brazil, accounting for the influence of age, treatment modalities, and tumor site, using a population-based national database.

Materials And Methods: Patients diagnosed with pediatric gliomas of central nervous system (CNS) from 1999-2020 were identified from The Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo public database. The Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank test were used for survival analysis.

False claims of equivalence in the neurosurgical trauma literature: prevalence and associated factors-a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Research quality within the neurosurgical field remains suboptimal. Therefore, many studies published in the neurosurgical literature lack enough statistical power to establish the presence or absence of clinically important differences between treatment arms. The field of neurotrauma deals with additional challenges, with fewer financial incentives and restricted resources in low-income and middle-income countries with the highest burden of neurotrauma diseases.

Large acute epidural hematoma from head pin fixation fracture.

Regarding head immobilization practices in neurosurgery, secondary fixation fractures are rare, underscoring the importance of precise pin positioning and an adequate force in the three-point clamp to achieve adequate fixation. Attention should be given to factors such as changes in bone metabolism.

Invasive and Noninvasive Techniques for Intracranial Pressure Monitoring After Decompressive Craniectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The use of invasive or noninvasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring post-decompressive craniectomy (DC) has been a continuous matter of debate. Accordingly, this meta-analysis aims to examine the existing evidence of both approaches and compare their impact among patients undergoing DC, guiding clinical decision-making in the management of elevated ICP. The databases used were Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase.

Predicting Outcomes in Patients with Diffuse Axonal Injury: External Validation of the Widely Used Prognostic Instruments.

Aim: Accurate prognosis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is important in directing clinical care, allocating resources appropriately, and communicating with families and surrogate decision-makers.

Methods: A study was conducted on patients with clinical DAI due to closed-head traumatic brain injury treated at a trauma center in Brazil from July 2013 to September 2015.  The objective efficacy of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Trauma and Injury Severity Scoring system (TRISS), New Trauma and Injury Severity Scoring system (NTRISS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)/head, Corticosteroid Randomization After Significant Head Injury (CRASH), and International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials (IMPACT) models in the prediction of mortality at 14 days and 6-months and unfavorable outcomes at 6 months was tested.

Predicting short-term outcomes in brain-injured patients: a comprehensive approach with transcranial Doppler and intracranial compliance assessment.

Neurocritical patients frequently exhibit abnormalities in cerebral hemodynamics (CH) and/or intracranial compliance (ICC), all of which significantly impact their clinical outcomes. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and the cranial micro-deformation sensor (B4C) are valuable techniques for assessing CH and ICC, respectively. However, there is a scarcity of data regarding the predictive value of these techniques in determining patient outcomes.

A Comprehensive Perspective on Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Individualized Management in Neurocritical Care: Results of a Survey with Global Experts.

Background: Numerous trials have addressed intracranial pressure (ICP) management in neurocritical care. However, identifying its harmful thresholds and controlling ICP remain challenging in terms of improving outcomes. Evidence suggests that an individualized approach is necessary for establishing tolerance limits for ICP, incorporating factors such as ICP waveform (ICPW) or pulse morphology along with additional data provided by other invasive (e.

Spin in traumatic brain injury literature: prevalence and associated factors. A systematic review.

Objective: Spin is characterized as a misinterpretation of results that, whether deliberate or unintentional, culminates in misleading conclusions and steers readers toward an excessively optimistic perspective of the data. The primary objective of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence and nature of spin within the traumatic brain injury (TBI) literature. Additionally, the identification of associated factors is intended to provide guidance for future research practices.

Management of shunt dysfunction using noninvasive intracranial pressure waveform monitoring: illustrative case.

Background: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) treatment consists of using valves for drainage, as it is for hydrocephalus in general. Despite this, complications can occur, putting the patient at risk, and neurological monitoring is crucial.

Observations: A 61-year-old male, who had been diagnosed with NPH 3 years prior and was being treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt with a programmable valve, presented to the emergency department because of a traumatic brain injury due to a fall from standing height.

Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mortality and Morbidity in Aruba-Eligible Studies.

Background: Treating unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) represent significant challenges, with numerous uncertainties still in debate. The ARUBA trial induced further investigation into optimal management strategies for these lesions. Here, we present a systematic-review and meta-analysis focusing on ARUBA-eligible studies, aiming to correlate patient data with outcomes and discuss key aspects of these studies.

The Relationship between Injury Characteristics and Post-Traumatic Recovery after Diffuse Axonal Injury.

Background: The diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) remain challenging. This research aimed to analyze the impact on activities of daily living (ADL), functional outcomes, quality of life (QoL), and the association between lesion severity and DAI location identified through imaging exams.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 95 patients diagnosed with DAI.

Perfusion tomography in early follow-up of acute traumatic subdural hematoma: a case series.

Perfusion Computed Tomography (PCT) is an alternative tool to assess cerebral hemodynamics during trauma. As acute traumatic subdural hematomas (ASH) is a severe primary injury associated with poor outcomes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cerebral hemodynamics in this context. Five adult patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ASH were included.

New perspectives on assessment and understanding of the patient with cranial bone defect: a morphometric and cerebral radiodensity assessment.

Background: Skull defects after decompressive craniectomy (DC) cause physiological changes in brain function and patients can have neurologic symptoms after the surgery. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether there are morphometric changes in the cortical surface and radiodensity of brain tissue in patients undergoing cranioplasty and whether those variables are correlated with neurological prognosis.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort with 30 patients who were submitted to cranioplasty and followed for 6 months.

Severe traumatic brain injury and acute kidney injury patients: factors associated with in-hospital mortality and unfavorable outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the occurrence of AKI, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality and unfavorable outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and acute kidney injury (AKI) severity.

Method: A retrospective cohort study which analyzed data with severe TBI between 2013 and 2017. We examined demographic and clinical information, and outcome by in-hospital mortality, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale six months after TBI.