The visible animal project: a three-dimensional, digital database for high quality three-dimensional reconstructions.

The "Visible Animal Project" (VAP) is comprised of axial anatomic cryosections and corresponding CT and MR images of a mature dog. The digital database is used for the creation of three-dimensional computer graphics of canine anatomy. The technique of cryodissection is described in detail.

Nitric oxide, skin growth and differentiation: more questions than answers?

Nitric oxide has varied effects on the skin. In this review the role of nitric oxide in cutaneous wound healing, apoptosis, carcinogenesis and psoriasis is discussed.

Bipolarity in children.

Childhood and adolescent bipolar disorder have been less studied than adult onset bipolar illness. However, case reports of mania in childhood can be found as early as the mid 19th century. Historically, several factors have made the accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder in childhood difficult: clinical bias against the diagnosis of mania in children; low base rate of disorder; symptom overlap between bipolar disorder and other more prevalent childhood-onset psychiatric disorders; and developmental constraints and variability in clinical presentation.

Aggressive behavior in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and pervasive developmental disorders.

Aggressive behaviors are frequently observed in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and pervasive developmental disorders. Several theories have been postulated to explain the etiology of aggression in these disorders, but no one theory can account for all the different types of aggressive behaviors observed. Numerous uncontrolled studies with small sample sizes have produced mixed results of pharmacologic agents now being used to treat aggression.

K-ras mutations in 239PuO2 canine lung neoplasms.

Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and direct sequencing methods were used to examine lung tumors derived from a cohort of beagle dogs with inhalational exposures to 239PuO2. These exposures were done at Pacific Northwest Laboratories where 18-month-old beagle dogs were given 239PuO2 by single-dose inhalation and allowed to live out their life-spans. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of tissues from 25 dogs exposed to 239PuO2 by aerosol inhalation which later developed lung tumors were available for this study.

The response of the microbial community of marine sediments to organic carbon input under anaerobic conditions.

Cyanobacterial biomass was added to anaerobic sediment to simulate the natural input of complex organic substrate that occurs in nature after algae blooms. Sediments were incubated at 0 degree C, 8 degrees C and 24 degrees C for 13 days. Community dynamics were measured by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and sequencing of 16S rDNA PCR products.

Lymphocyte targeting of the brain in adoptive transfer cryolesion-EAE.

Lymphocyte infiltration and microglial activation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are mainly centred on the spinal cord. However, a cryolesion to one cerebral hemisphere (cryolesion-EAE) induces six-fold enhancement of EAE in the cerebral hemispheres and removal of the cervical lymph nodes reduces such enhancement by 40 per cent. This study tests the hypothesis that lymphocytes from donor rats with cryolesion-EAE will selectively target the brain rather than the spinal cord when transferred to naive recipients.

Comparison of radiography, scintigraphy and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of a case of temporomandibular joint arthropathy in a horse.

Diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disease in the horse presents a challenge to the equine veterinarian. This case report illustrates a combined imaging approach using radiography, scintigraphy and ultrasonography in a horse with severe arthropathy of the left temporomandibular joint. Radiographs were inconclusive.

Study V: Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS): psychometrics in two community samples.

Objective: To determine sensitivity and specificity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) (DSM-IV) revised Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS) in nonclinical samples.

Method: Participants were 40 children 6 to 18 years of age from a community sample (n = 22) or a bereaved sample 1 to 2 years following the death of a parent (n = 18).

Study IV: concurrent validity of the DSM-IV revised Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS).

Objective: To determine validity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) (DSM-IV) revised Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS) in inpatient children and adolescents.

Method: Participants were 47 psychiatric inpatients 6-12 (n = 23) and 12 to 18 years of age (n = 24).

Study III: development and concurrent validity of the Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes--parent version (P-ChIPS).

Objective: To assess concurrent validity for the newly developed parent version of the Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (P-ChIPS).

Method: ChIPS and P-ChIPS were administered to 36 children 6 to 13 years of age and their parents. P-ChIPS results were compared with clinicians' diagnoses for 21 of those children.

Study II: concurrent validity of the DSM-III-R Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS).

Objective: To test the concurrent validity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., revised) (DSM-III-R) revised Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS).

Method: In this study, the DSM-III-R revised ChIPS, the DSM-III-R revised Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA-R-C), and clinicians' diagnoses were compared in 71 inpatients and outpatients 6 to 13 years of age using a standard kappa coefficient or a rare kappa coefficient and percentage agreement.

Study I: development and criterion validity of the Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS).

Objective: To test the psychometric properties of the Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS), a second-generation structured diagnostic interview designed to improve on the methodology provided by first-generation structured interviews, which have increased diagnostic reliability over unstructured clinical interviews.

Method: Forty-two children hospitalized on a children's inpatient unit were administered the ChIPS and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA). The level of agreement regarding syndrome presence or absence of 15 diagnoses according to the two instruments was assessed using a standard kappa coefficient or a rare kappa coefficient and percentage agreement.

The extended transbasal approach: a quantitative anatomical and histological study.

Since its introduction in 1972 the transbasal approach to the anterior fossa and sphenoethmoidal region has undergone a number of modifications. The extended transbasal approach with preservation of olfaction not only improves exposure of the anterior fossa, but also provides access to the clivus as far inferiorly as the foramen magnum. An anatomical study has been undertaken to photographically demonstrate and quantify the varying degrees of exposure that this technique provides.

Effect of dentin bonding agents on the secretion of inflammatory mediators from macrophages.

Dentin bonding agents (DBAs) have been proposed as substitutes for amalgam as root-end filling materials. The current study tested the hypothesis that certain components of DBAs could alter the secretion of cytokines from macrophages. Such alteration would likely be undesirable for healing of the periapical tissues.

Psoriatic keratinocytes show reduced IRF-1 and STAT-1alpha activation in response to gamma-IFN.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterized by hyperproliferative keratinocytes (KC). The skin lesions are infiltrated by T cells, which secrete gamma interferon (gamma-IFN) and are believed to be necessary to maintain the psoriatic phenotype. In normal KC, gamma-IFN is a potent inhibitor of proliferation, but proliferation of KC persists in psoriatic plaques despite the presence of gamma-IFN.

Sex hormone receptor status of the dental pulp and lesions of pulpal origin.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the dental pulp and lesions of pulpal origin (eg, pulp polyps, periapical granulomas, and periapical cysts) exhibit receptors for the sex steroid hormones estrogen, progesterone, and androgen.

Study Design: Staining for the receptors of the hormones estrogen, progesterone, and androgen was accomplished through use of available immunohistochemical detection techniques. Pulpal tissues were obtained from freshly extracted human third molars; the other tissues were obtained from the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory archives.

Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection for teeth with irreversible pulpitis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a supplemental intraosseous injection (IOI) of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine using the Stabident device, after conventional anesthetic methods had failed. Patients who experienced pain during endodontic access and required a supplemental IOI using 0.45 to 0.

Lipidized mature neuroectodermal tumour of the cerebellum with myoid differentiation.

We describe a case of a lipidized cerebellar tumour in a 67-year-old woman with immunocytochemical evidence of neurocytic, astrocytic, and in addition, striated muscle cell differentiation. A review of the literature on lipidized cerebellar tumours shows that they present in adults (mean age 58.8 years); they tend to occur in the hemispheric or paramedian regions of the cerebellum and are hypodense on CT scan and MRI.