Mineral Supplements in Ageing.

With advancing age, achievement of dietary adequacy for all nutrients is increasingly difficult and this is particularly so for minerals. Various factors impede mineral acquisition and absorption including reduced appetite, depressed gastric acid production and dysregulation across a range of signalling pathways in the intestinal mucosa. Minerals are required in sufficient levels since they are critical for the proper functioning of metabolic processes in cells and tissues, including energy metabolism, DNA and protein synthesis, immune function, mobility, and skeletal integrity.

Salivary iodide status as a measure of whole body iodine homoeostasis?

Iodine is a trace element required to produce the thyroid hormones, which are critical for development, growth and metabolism. To ensure appropriate population iodine nutrition, convenient and accurate methods of monitoring are necessary. Current methods for determining iodine status either involve a significant participant burden or are subject to considerable intra-individual variation.

Detecting iodine deficiency risks from dietary transitions using shopping data.

Plant-based product replacements are gaining popularity. However, the long-term health implications remain poorly understood, and available methods, though accurate, are expensive and burdensome, impeding the study of sufficiently large cohorts. To identify dietary transitions over time, we examine anonymised loyalty-card shopping records from Co-op Food, UK.

Adoption of a Short-Term (4-Week) Vegan Diet as Part of 'Veganuary' Significantly Reduces Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA), Cholesterol, B12, and Iodine Intake in Omnivorous Individuals-An Observational Study.

Global veganism campaigns like 'Veganuary' have gained popularity. We conducted an observational study to assess the impact of a 4-week vegan diet during 'Veganuary' on nutrient intake, status, knowledge, and motivations for veganism. Data were collected before and after 'Veganuary', using Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) to estimate dietary intake.

The Impact of Drugs on Hydrogen Sulfide Homeostasis in Mammals.

Mammalian cells and tissues have the capacity to generate hydrogen sulfide gas (HS) via catabolic routes involving cysteine metabolism. HS acts on cell signaling cascades that are necessary in many biochemical and physiological roles important in the heart, brain, liver, kidney, urogenital tract, and cardiovascular and immune systems of mammals. Diminished levels of this molecule are observed in several pathophysiological conditions including heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and immune function.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of iodine nutrition in modern vegan and vegetarian diets.

Vegan and vegetarian diets are widely supported and adopted, but individuals following such diets remain at greater risk of iodine deficiency. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the iodine intake and status in adults following a vegan or vegetarian diet in the modern day. A systematic review and quality assessment were conducted from October 2020 to December 2022 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidance.

Empirical comparison of time series models and tensor product penalised splines for modelling spatial dependence in plant breeding field trials.

Plant breeding field trials are typically arranged as a row by column rectangular lattice. They have been widely analysed using linear mixed models in which low order autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series models, and the subclass of separable lattice processes, are used to account for two-dimensional spatial dependence between the plot errors. A separable first order autoregressive model has been shown to be particularly useful in the analysis of plant breeding trials.

The importance of mA topology in chicken embryo mRNA: a precise mapping of mA at the conserved chicken β-actin zipcode.

-methyladenosine (mA) in mRNA regulates almost every stage in the mRNA life cycle, and the development of methodologies for the high-throughput detection of methylated sites in mRNA using mA-specific methylated RNA immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing (MeRIPSeq) or mA individual-nucleotide-resolution cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (miCLIP) have revolutionized the mA research field. Both of these methods are based on immunoprecipitation of fragmented mRNA. However, it is well documented that antibodies often have nonspecific activities, thus verification of identified mA sites using an antibody-independent method would be highly desirable.

Impact of lifestyle factors on dietary vitamin B intake and plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate level in UK adults: National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS) (2008-2017).

Reduction in dietary vitamin B intake is associated with an increased relative risk of diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis and cognitive dysfunction. The current research has assessed vitamin B intakes and PLP concentrations as a marker of vitamin B status among the UK adult (≥ 19 years) population. This study was carried out using a cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS) (2008-2017).

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Food Security of UK Adults Aged 20-65 Years (COVID-19 Food Security and Dietary Assessment Study).

The first UK lockdown greatly impacted the food security status of UK adults. This study set out to establish if food procurement was adapted differently for different income groups and if this impacted dietary intakes disproportionately. Adults ( = 515) aged 20-65 years participated in an online survey with 56 completing a 3-4 day diet diary.

Influence of income on diet quality and daily iron and zinc intake: analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of British females aged 11-14 and 15-18 years.

Purpose: A negative socio-economic gradient exists for diet and health outcomes. Since cheaper diets are associated with increased energy and lower nutrient density, we investigated the influence of income on iron and zinc intakes and overall diet quality for adolescent (DQI-A) females aged 11-18 years.

Methods: National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS years 7 and 8) data for iron and zinc intake and overall diet quality was assessed by household income quintile across females aged 11-18 years.

Vegans and vegetarians living in Nottingham (UK) continue to be at risk of iodine deficiency.

Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Individuals adhering to vegan and vegetarian diets have been found to be vulnerable to iodine deficiency. Yet, iodine has not been monitored in these groups across time.

Providing evidence-based care for adult patients with bronchiectasis.

Bronchiectasis is a long-term respiratory disease in which there is permanent bronchial dilatation, and it is associated with recurrent cough, sputum production and respiratory tract infections. The incidence and prevalence of bronchiectasis is rising, but it can be challenging to identify and manage this disease. The British Thoracic Society published its latest guideline for bronchiectasis in adults in 2019.

Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores: How Does Dietary Choice Influence Iodine Intake? A Systematic Review.

Vegan and vegetarian diets are becoming increasingly popular. Dietary restrictions may increase the risk of iodine deficiency. This systematic review aims to assess iodine intake and status in adults following a vegan or vegetarian diet in industrialised countries.

Trace Mineral Intake and Deficiencies in Older Adults Living in the Community and Institutions: A Systematic Review.

The global population is ageing with many older adults suffering from age-related malnutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies. Adequate nutrient intake is vital to enable older adults to continue living independently and delay their institutionalisation, as well as to prevent deterioration of health status in those living in institutions. This systematic review investigated the insufficiency of trace minerals in older adults living independently and in institutions.

Electrophysiologically and behaviourally active semiochemicals identified from bed bug refuge substrate.

Bed bugs are pests of public health importance due to their relentless biting habits that can lead to allergies, secondary infections and mental health issues. When not feeding on human blood bed bugs aggregate in refuges close to human hosts. This aggregation behaviour could be exploited to lure bed bugs into traps for surveillance, treatment efficacy monitoring and mass trapping efforts, if the responsible cues are identified.

Geographical and seasonal variation in iodine content of cow's milk in the UK and consequences for the consumer´s supply.

Background: Dairy products provide a crucial source of dietary iodine for the majority of the UK population, contributing approximately 30-40 % of daily intake. Fluctuations in the iodine content of purchased milk both seasonally and annually implies potential fragility of iodine supply likely through fluctuating supplementation practices in cow herds. We set out to establish the level of national variation in herds and identify factors which might impact milk iodine content.

Primary care implications of the British Thoracic Society Guidelines for bronchiectasis in adults 2019.

The British Thoracic Society (BTS) Guidelines for Bronchiectasis in adults were published in January 2019, and comprise recommendations for treatment from primary to tertiary care. Here, we outline the practical implications of these guidelines for primary care practitioners. A diagnosis of bronchiectasis should be considered when a patient presents with a recurrent or persistent (>8 weeks) productive cough.

Updated BTS Adult Bronchiectasis Guideline 2018: a multidisciplinary approach to comprehensive care.

The new British Thoracic Society (BTS) Guideline for Bronchiectasis in Adults has been published. This article provides a summary of key highlights of the new BTS Guideline and covers who to investigate, what investigations should be carried out and a management strategy.

LIM kinase function and renal growth: Potential role for LIM kinases in fetal programming of kidney development.

Aims: Maternal dietary restriction during pregnancy impairs nephron development and results in offspring with fewer nephrons. Cell turnover in the early developing kidney is altered by exposure to maternal dietary restriction and may be regulated by the LIM-kinase family of enzymes. We set out to establish whether disturbance of LIM-kinase activity might play a role in the impairment of nephron formation.

Meteorological and landscape influences on pollen beetle immigration into oilseed rape crops.

Heavy reliance on pesticide inputs to maintain crop yields has been an important aspect of agricultural intensification. Insecticide use has had detrimental impacts on pollinators and natural pest control agents, contributing to a decline in associated ecosystem services, and has also led to resistance development in pest populations. Throughout Europe, in oilseed rape ( L.

Adults miscoded and misdiagnosed as having pneumonia: results from the British Thoracic Society pneumonia audit.

A key objective of the British Thoracic Society national community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) audit was to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised adults given a primary discharge code of pneumonia but who did not fulfil accepted diagnostic criteria for pneumonia. Adults miscoded as having pneumonia (n=1251) were older compared with adults with CAP (n=6660) (median 80 vs 78 years, p<0.001) and had more comorbid disease, significantly fewer respiratory symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnoea, pleuritic pain), more constitutional symptoms (general deterioration, falls) and significantly lower 30-day inpatient mortality (14.

Acetylsalicylic acid interferes with embryonic kidney growth and development by a prostaglandin-independent mechanism.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of the non-selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), on embryonic kidney growth and development.

Methods: Pairs of fetal mouse kidneys at embryonic day 12.5 were cultured in increasing concentrations of ASA (0.

Mortality reduction in adult community-acquired pneumonia in the UK (2009-2014): results from the British Thoracic Society audit programme.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of death in the UK. In this analysis of 23 315 cases from the British Thoracic Society national CAP audit, an overall reduction in 30-day inpatient mortality over 6 years was observed-2014 compared with 2009 adjusted OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.