Darwin's Other Dilemmas and the Theoretical Roots of Emotional Connection.

Modern scientific theories of emotional behavior, almost without exception, trace their origin to Charles Darwin, and his publications (1859) and (1872). The most famous dilemma Darwin acknowledged as a challenge to his theory of evolution through natural selection was the incomplete Sub-Cambrian fossil record. However, Darwin struggled with two other rarely referenced theoretical and scientific dilemmas that confounded his theories about emotional behavior.

Repeatability and reproducibility of MRI-based radiomic features in cervical cancer.

Purpose: The aims of this study are to evaluate the stability of radiomic features from T2-weighted MRI of cervical cancer in three ways: (1) repeatability via test-retest; (2) reproducibility between diagnostic MRI and simulation MRI; (3) reproducibility in inter-observer setting.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included FIGO stage IB-IVA cervical cancer patients treated with chemoradiation between 2005 and 2014. There were three cohorts of women corresponding to each aim of the study: (1) 8 women who underwent test-retest MRI; (2) 20 women who underwent MRI on different scanners (diagnostic and simulation MRI); (3) 34 women whose diagnostic MRIs were contoured by three observers.

Individualized Screening Trial of Innovative Glioblastoma Therapy (INSIGhT): A Bayesian Adaptive Platform Trial to Develop Precision Medicines for Patients With Glioblastoma.

Purpose: Adequately prioritizing the numerous therapies and biomarkers available in late-stage testing for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) requires an efficient clinical testing platform. We developed and implemented INSIGhT (Individualized Screening Trial of Innovative Glioblastoma Therapy) as a novel adaptive platform trial (APT) to develop precision medicine approaches in GBM.

Methods: INSIGhT compares experimental arms with a common control of standard concurrent temozolomide and radiation therapy followed by adjuvant temozolomide.

Modelling the potential effects of climate factors on Dubas bug (Ommatissus lybicus) presence/absence and its infestation rate: A case study from Oman.

Background: Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae) (Dubas Bug, DB) is an insect pest attacking date palms. It occurs in Arab countries including Oman. In this paper, the logistic, ordinary least square, and geographical weighted regressions were applied to model the absence/presence and density of DB against climate factors.

Autonomic regulation of preterm infants is enhanced by Family Nurture Intervention.

Preterm infants have maturational delays in several neurobehavioral systems. This study assesses the impact of the Family Nurture Intervention (FNI) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on the maturation of autonomic regulation of preterm infants. Preterm infants born at 26-34 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) were assigned to groups receiving either standard care (SC) or SC plus FNI, using a randomized controlled trial design.

Long-Term Diabetic Microenvironment Augments the Decay Rate of Capsaicin-Induced Currents in Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons.

Individuals with end-stage diabetic peripheral neuropathy present with decreased pain sensation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is implicated in pain signaling and resides on sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We investigated the expression and functional activity of TRPV1 in DRG neurons of the mouse at 9 months of diabetes using immunohistochemistry, live single cell calcium imaging, and whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology.

Engineered CRISPR-Cas12a variants with increased activities and improved targeting ranges for gene, epigenetic and base editing.

Broad use of CRISPR-Cas12a (formerly Cpf1) nucleases has been hindered by the requirement for an extended TTTV protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). To address this limitation, we engineered an enhanced Acidaminococcus sp. Cas12a variant (enAsCas12a) that has a substantially expanded targeting range, enabling targeting of many previously inaccessible PAMs.

Systematic review of prehospital haemostatic dressings.

Introduction: Haemorrhage is one of the leading causes of battlefield and prehospital death. Haemostatic dressings are an effective method of limiting the extent of bleeding and are used by military forces extensively. A systematic review was conducted with the aim of collating the evidence on current haemostatic products and to assess whether one product was more effective than others.

Validation study showed that ratings on the Welch Emotional Connection Screen at infant age six months are associated with child behavioural problems at age three years.

Aim: The emotional connection between mothers and infants born preterm has been associated with positive behaviour. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between emotional connection at six months of age and behavioural problems at three years.

Methods: This study was carried out by the University of North Texas, USA and comprised 49 mothers and infants from a longitudinal investigation of family interaction and infant development conducted in 1994-1997.

Perinatal antibiotics alter preterm infant EEG and neurobehavior in the Family Nurture Intervention trial.

Early exposure to antibiotics has been shown to increase risk for poor neurobehavioral development, particularly with regard to attention deficit disorders. Clinically, electroencephalography (EEG) is increasingly used as a biomarker of these deficits. Less is known about the effects of antibiotics on neurobehavioral and neurophysiological outcomes in preterm infants, a population at particularly high risk for attention deficits and perinatal antibiotic exposure.

Modelling the relationships between volume, intensity and injury-risk in professional rugby league players.

Objective: This study aimed to: (a) identify the association between external-workloads and injury-risk in the subsequent week; and (b) understand the effectiveness of workload variables in establishing injury-risk.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Workload and injury data (soft-tissue) were collected from forty-eight professional male rugby league players.

A Novel Approach for Total Nasal Reconstruction.

A 61-year-old woman who lost her nose, upper lip, and most of her midface bony structures because of cancer 20 years previously underwent advanced surgical reconstruction. This patient previously underwent multiple reconstructive surgeries that failed to satisfactorily restore her nose. Therefore, a multistage reconstruction was performed to recreate a complete nose and increase her upper lip length.

Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding.

The goal of this protocol is to isolate oxytocin-receptor rich brain nuclei in the neonatal brain before and after first colostrum feeding. The expression of proteins known to respond to metabolic stress was measured in brain-nuclei isolates using Western blotting. This was done to assess whether metabolic stress-induced nutrient insufficiency in the body triggered neuronal stress.

Inotuzumab ozogamicin for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with multiagent cytotoxic chemotherapy has not been as successful as that for pediatric patients. The advent of targeted monoclonal antibodies against common cell surface antigens (i.e.

AR101 Oral Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy.

Background: Peanut allergy, for which there are no approved treatment options, affects patients who are at risk for unpredictable and occasionally life-threatening allergic reactions.

Methods: In a phase 3 trial, we screened participants 4 to 55 years of age with peanut allergy for allergic dose-limiting symptoms at a challenge dose of 100 mg or less of peanut protein (approximately one third of a peanut kernel) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. Participants with an allergic response were randomly assigned, in a 3:1 ratio, to receive AR101 (a peanut-derived investigational biologic oral immunotherapy drug) or placebo in an escalating-dose program.

Cell and fluid sampling microneedle patches for monitoring skin-resident immunity.

Important cell populations reside within tissues and are not accessed by traditional blood draws used to monitor the immune system. To address this issue at an essential barrier tissue, the skin, we created a microneedle-based technology for longitudinal sampling of cells and interstitial fluid, enabling minimally invasive parallel monitoring of immune responses. Solid microneedle projections were coated by a cross-linked biocompatible polymer, which swells upon skin insertion, forming a porous matrix for local leukocyte infiltration.

Vulnerabilities of radiomic signature development: The need for safeguards.

Purpose: Refinement of radiomic results and methodologies is required to ensure progression of the field. In this work, we establish a set of safeguards designed to improve and support current radiomic methodologies through detailed analysis of a radiomic signature.

Methods: A radiomic model (MW2018) was fitted and externally validated using features extracted from previously reported lung and head and neck (H&N) cancer datasets using gross-tumour-volume contours, as well as from images with randomly permuted voxel index values; i.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2-disubsubstituted 4-quinolone analogues of sp. natural products.

A series of analogues of sp. natural products were synthesized, which have been reported to possess potent antibacterial activity against and induce growth defects in and . Taking inspiration from a methodology used in our total synthesis of natural products, we applied this methodology to access analogues possessing bulky N-substituents, traditionally considered to be challenging scaffolds.

Integrated information in the EEG of preterm infants increases with family nurture intervention, age, and conscious state.

A putative quantifier of consciousness, integrated information, was applied to preterm infant EEG data after novel pre-processing. Integrated information had a non-random structure as a function of the time lag over which it was computed. For most lags, it increased with age in early life, but even more so in infants exposed to Family Nurture Intervention (FNI), providing further evidence that FNI advances brain maturation in preterm infants.

Asthma dissemination around patient-centered treatments in North Carolina (ADAPT-NC): a cluster randomized control trial evaluating dissemination of an evidence-based shared decision-making intervention for asthma management.

: To compare three dissemination approaches for implementing an asthma shared decision-making (SDM) intervention into primary care practices. : We randomized thirty practices into three study arms: (1) a facilitator-led approach to implementing SDM; (2) a one-hour lunch-and-learn training on SDM; and (3) a control group with no active intervention. Patient perceptions of SDM were assessed in the active intervention arms using a one-question anonymous survey.

Predicting the potential geographical distribution of parasitic natural enemies of the Dubas bug ( de Bergevin) using geographic information systems.

The Dubas bug ( de Bergevin) is a pest species whose entire life cycle occurs on date palms, L, causing serious damage and reducing date palm growth and yield. Viggiani nr. and Olmi are very important parasitic natural enemies of in northern Oman.