14-Vertex Heteroboranes with 14 Skeletal Electron Pairs: An Experimental and Computational Study.

Three isomers of [(Cp*Ru)2 C2 B10 H12 ], the first examples of 14-vertex heteroboranes containing 14-skeletal electron pairs, have been synthesized by the direct electrophilic insertion of a {Cp*Ru(+) } fragment into the anion [4-Cp*-4,1,6-RuC2 B10 H12 ](-) . All three compounds have the same unique polyhedral structure having an approximate Cs symmetry and featuring a four-atom trapezoidal face. X-ray diffraction studies could confidently identify only one of the two cage C atoms in each structure.

Women's experiences of learning to breastfeed.

Aim: This research explores women's experiences of learning to breastfeed.

Design: A purposive cohort of healthy mothers participated in individual audio recorded interviews late pregnancy and then 2 and 8 weeks after birth. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using van Manen's approach.

Neuronal human BACE1 knockin induces systemic diabetes in mice.

Aims: β-Secretase 1 (BACE1) is a key enzyme in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis that catalyses the amyloidogenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Recently, global Bace1 deletion was shown to protect against diet-induced obesity and diabetes, suggesting that BACE1 is a potential regulator of glucose homeostasis. Here, we investigated whether increased neuronal BACE1 is sufficient to alter systemic glucose metabolism, using a neuron-specific human BACE1 knockin mouse model (PLB4).

Data characterizing the chloroplast genomes of extinct and endangered Hawaiian endemic mints (Lamiaceae) and their close relatives.

These data are presented in support of a plastid phylogenomic analysis of the recent radiation of the Hawaiian endemic mints (Lamiaceae), and their close relatives in the genus Stachys, "The quest to resolve recent radiations: Plastid phylogenomics of extinct and endangered Hawaiian endemic mints (Lamiaceae)" [1]. Here we describe the chloroplast genome sequences for 12 mint taxa. Data presented include summaries of gene content and length for these taxa, structural comparison of the mint chloroplast genomes with published sequences from other species in the order Lamiales, and comparisons of variability among three Hawaiian taxa vs.

Habitual chocolate consumption and the risk of incident heart failure among healthy men and women.

Background: We aimed to examine the association between chocolate intake and the risk of incident heart failure in a UK general population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify this association.

Methods And Results: We used data from a prospective population-based study, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort.

Neurologic, psychiatric, and other medical manifestations of nitrous oxide abuse: A systematic review of the case literature.

Background/objectives: Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is known to have abuse potential, although debate regarding the toxic effects of such abuse continues. Our objective was to review the case literature and present the neurologic, psychiatric and medical consequences of N2 O abuse.

Methods: A systematic literature review was completed for case reports using keywords "nitrous oxide" with "abuse/abusing" or "misuse/misusing" or "overuse/overusing" or "addiction.

Trajectories of PTSD Among Lower Manhattan Residents and Area Workers Following the 2001 World Trade Center Disaster, 2003-2012.

Group-based trajectory modeling was used to explore empirical trajectories of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 17,062 adult area residents/workers (nonrescue/recovery workers) enrolled in the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Registry using 3 administrations of the PTSD Checklist (PCL) over 9 years of observation. Six trajectories described PTSD over time: low-stable (48.9%), moderate-stable (28.

The quest to resolve recent radiations: Plastid phylogenomics of extinct and endangered Hawaiian endemic mints (Lamiaceae).

The Hawaiian mints (Lamiaceae), one of the largest endemic plant lineages in the archipelago, provide an excellent system to study rapid diversification of a lineage with a remote, likely paleohybrid origin. Since their divergence from New World mints 4-5 million years ago the members of this lineage have diversified greatly and represent a remarkable array of vegetative and reproductive phenotypes. Today many members of this group are endangered or already extinct, and molecular phylogenetic work relies largely on herbarium samples collected during the last century.

Carborane Substituents Promote Direct Electrophilic Insertion over Reduction-Metalation Reactions.

Two-electron reduction of 1,1'-bis(o-carborane) followed by reaction with [Ru(η-mes)Cl2 ]2 affords [8-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2 B10 H11 )-4-(η-mes)-4,1,8-closo-RuC2 B10 H11 ]. Subsequent two-electron reduction of this species and treatment with [Ru(η-arene)Cl2 ]2 results in the 14-vertex/12-vertex species [1-(η-mes)-9-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2 B10 H11 )-13-(η-arene)-1,13,2,9-closo-Ru2 C2 B10 H11 ] by direct electrophilic insertion, promoted by the carborane substituent in the 13-vertex/12-vertex precursor. When arene=mesitylene (mes), the diruthenium species is fluxional in solution at room temperature in a process that makes the metal-ligand fragments equivalent.

Teratogenicity of Ochratoxin A and the Degradation Product, Ochratoxin α, in the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo Model of Vertebrate Development.

Ochratoxins, and particularly ochratoxin A (OTA), are toxic fungal-derived contaminants of food and other agricultural products. Growing evidence supports the degradation of OTA by chemical, enzymatic and/or microbial means as a potential approach to remove this mycotoxin from food products. In particular, hydrolysis of OTA to ochratoxin α (OTα) and phenylalanine is the presumptive product of degradation in most cases.

Association Between Occupational Exposures and Sarcoidosis: An Analysis From Death Certificates in the United States, 1988-1999.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a disease that is associated with occupational and environmental antigens, in the setting of a susceptible host. The aim of this study was to examine the association between sarcoidosis mortality and previously reported occupational exposures based on sex and race.

Methods: The decedents enrolled in this study were derived from United States death certificates from 1988-1999.

Developing nitrosocarborane chemistry.

The new nitrosocarboranes [1-NO-2-R-1,2-closo-C2B10H10] [R = CH2Cl (1), CH3OCH2 (2) p-MeC6H4 (3), SiMe3 (4) and SiMe2tBu (5)] and [1-NO-7-Ph-1,7-closo-C2B10H10] (6) were synthesised by reaction of the appropriate lithiocarborane in diethyl ether with NOCl in petroleum ether followed by quenching the reaction with aqueous NaHCO3. These bright-blue compounds were characterised spectroscopically and, in several cases, crystallographically including structural determinations of 2 and 6 using crystals grown in situ on the diffractometer from liquid samples. In all cases the nitroso group bonds to the carborane as a 1e substituent (bent C–N–O sequence) and has little or no influence on <δ11B>, the weighted average 11B chemical shift, relative to that in the parent (monosubstituted) carborane.

Aldosterone alters the chromatin structure of the murine endothelin-1 gene.

Unlabelled: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the renal collecting duct and systemic blood pressure. Paradoxically, aldosterone also induces transcription of the endothelin-1 (Edn1) gene to increase protein (ET-1) levels, which inhibits sodium reabsorption.

Aims: Here we investigated changes in the chromatin structure of the Edn1 gene of collecting duct cell lines in response to aldosterone treatment.

Unprecedented flexibility of the 1,1'-bis(o-carborane) ligand: catalytically-active species stabilised by B-agostic B-H⇀Ru interactions.

Doubly-deprotonated 1,1'-bis(o-carborane) reacts with [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 to afford [Ru(κ3-2,2',3'-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(p-cymene)] (1) in which 1,1'-bis(o-carborane) acts as an X2-(C,C')L ligand where "L" is a B3'–H3'⇀Ru B-agostic interaction, fluctional over four BH units (3', 6', 3 and 6)at 298 K but partially arrested at 203 K (B3' and B6'). This interaction is readily cleaved by CO affording [Ru-(κ2-2,2'-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(p-cymene)(CO)] (2) with the 1,1'-bis(o-carborane)simply an X2(C,C') ligand. With PPh3 or dppe 1 yields [Ru(κ3-2,3',3-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(PPh3)2] (3) or [Ru(κ3-2,3',3-{1-(1'-1',2'-closo-C2B10H10)-1,2-closo-C2B10H10})(dppe)] (4)via unusually facile loss of the η-(p-cymene) ligand.

Web-Based Behavioral Intervention Increases Maternal Exercise but Does Not Prevent Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in Previously Sedentary Women.

Background: Innovative methods are warranted to optimize prenatal outcomes. This study's objective was to determine if a web-based behavioral intervention (BI) can prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) by increasing physical activity (PA).

Methods: Participants were randomized to usual care (UC; n = 21) or BI (n = 24) between 10 to 14 weeks gestation.

International note: Prediction of mathematics work ethic and performance from behavioral, normative, and control beliefs among Qatari adolescents.

Over half-a-million adolescents take part in each cycle of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Yet often, researchers and policy makers across the globe tend to focus their attention primarily on the academic trajectories of adolescents hailing from highly successful education systems. Hence, a vast majority of the adolescent population who regionally and globally constitute the 'long tail of underachievement' often remain unnoticed and underrepresented in the growing literature on adolescents' academic trajectories.

Cross-sectional and prospective associations between dietary and plasma vitamin C, heel bone ultrasound, and fracture risk in men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk cohort.

Background: Vitamin C sufficiency may help prevent osteoporosis and fractures by mediating osteoclastogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, and bone collagen synthesis.

Objective: We determined whether dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of vitamin C were associated with a heel ultrasound and hip and spine fracture risks in older men and women.

Design: Participants were recruited from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk study with 7-d diet diary estimates of vitamin C intake and plasma concentrations.

Mammalian cell transient expression, non-affinity purification, and characterization of human recombinant IGFBP7, an IGF-1 targeting therapeutic protein.

Targeted inhibiting insulin-like growth factor 1 is an effective approach for cancer therapy. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is considered as a potential therapeutic protein. However, producing high quality of such non-IgG proteins in mammalian cells is still a challenge in biopharmaceutical development.

Effect of mineralocorticoid treatment in mice with collecting duct-specific knockout of endothelin-1.

Aldosterone increases blood pressure (BP) by stimulating sodium (Na) reabsorption within the distal nephron and collecting duct (CD). Aldosterone also stimulates endothelin-1 (ET-1) production that acts within the CD to inhibit Na reabsorption via a negative feedback mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that this renal aldosterone-endothelin feedback system regulates electrolyte balance and BP by comparing the effect of a high-salt (NaCl) diet and mineralocorticoid stimulation in control and CD-specific ET-1 knockout (CD ET-1 KO) mice.

Walking versus biofeedback: a comparison of acute interventions for stressed students.

Background: High rates of stress-related problems in college students and low utilization of treatment options demonstrate the need for effective stress-reducing interventions that can be self-regulated. This study compared the effect of brief paced-breathing with biofeedback and exercise interventions on heart rate variability, state anxiety and affect.

Methods: Students (n = 32) with high levels of perceived stress completed three 10-min interventions on separate days: paced-breathing with biofeedback (Biofeedback), a self-paced walk (Exercise), and an attention control condition of quiet studying (Quiet Study).