Synergistic surface-modified bio-based flame retardant for rapid establishment of emergency firebreaks.

Extreme climatic alteration has provoked an increase in global forest grassland fires. The establishment of emergency firebreaks is essential for managing the occurrence of sudden forest grassland fires. However, conventional methods entail substantial labor, exorbitant costs, and limited emergency response, impeding the prompt and efficient containment of fire outbreaks.

Optimizing low-temperature CO oxidation under realistic combustion conditions: The impact of CeO morphology on Au/CeO catalysts.

The development of carbon monoxide oxidation catalysts for complex gas environments faces significant challenges in fire scenarios. Only a few representative gases are used as interfering components in simulated real smoke under laboratory conditions, which cannot accurately reflect the performance of catalysts in a real fire. Herein, Au/CeO catalysts with high activity were prepared by adjusting the morphology (rod, cube, polyhedron and irregular particles) and exposed crystal surface ratio of CeO.

Nanoconfinement-Enhanced Fire Safety and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid with Nanocerium Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Ce-based metal-organic frameworks (Ce-MOFs) were successfully synthesized by coordinating binary acid and amino structures with cerium oxides. The quantum dot scale endows Ce-MOFs with enhanced modifiability. Additionally, the phosphorus-rich biomass phytic acid, with its numerous hydroxyl groups, strengthens the H-bond network within the system.

Additive Manufacturing of Grid Reservoir-Integrated Anodes for Dendrite-Free, Safe, and Ultra-Low Voltage Zinc-Ion Batteries.

This work reports a novel 3D printed grid reservoir-integrated mesoporous carbon coordinated silicon oxycarbide hybrid composite (3DP-MPC-SiOC) to establish the zincophile interphase for controlling the dendrite formation. The customized 3D printed grid patterned structure inhibits Zn dendrite growth and achieves long-term stability with reduced voltage polarization due to homogeneous electric field distribution. The hybrid composite consisting of SiOC interpenetrated within carbon constructs a high zinc nucleation interphase, hence promoting uniform Zn deposition and enhancing ionic diffusion with dendrite-free growth and a reduced nucleation energy barrier.

Enhancing low-temperature CO removal in complex flue gases: A study on La and Cu doped CoO catalysts under real-world combustion environment.

Designing CO oxidation catalysts for complex flue gases conditions is particularly challenging in fire scenarios. Traditional flue gas simulations use a few representative gases but often fail to adequately evaluate catalyst performance in real-world combustion conditions. In this study, we developed doping strategies using La and Cu to enhance the water resistance of CoO catalysts.

Fully bio-based and intrinsically flame retardant unsaturated polyester cross-linked with isosorbide-based diluents.

Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are composed of prepolymers and styrene diluents, while the former are produced by co-polycondensation between diol, unsaturated diacid and saturated diacid. In this work, bio-based UPR prepolymers were synthesized from bio-based oxalic acid, itaconic acid, and ethylene glycol, which were then diluted with bio-based isosorbide methacrylate (MI). Meanwhile, the phenylphosphonate were introduced into the molecular chains of prepolymers to achieve intrinsic flame retardancy of bio-based UPR.

A rational design of functionalized black phosphorus cooperates with piperazine pyrophosphate to significantly suppress the fire hazards of polypropylene.

The flammability of polypropylene (PP) not only has negative effects on human health but also causes environmental pollution. Herein, from the molecular polarity point of view, rationally designed hyperbranched charring foaming agents (HCFA) modified black phosphorus nanosheets by in situ polymerization to solve the fire hazards of PP. Based on the UL-94 test V-0 rating, the conventional flame retardant of piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) is substituted partly by the BP@PPC.

A novel approach simultaneously imparting well-hydrophobicity and photothermal conversion effect to polymer materials: solar-promoted absorption of organic solvents and oils.

In this work, a series of polymer materials including pomelo peel, cotton fabric, polyurethane foam, and so on, are treated by heated CHSiCl, presenting desirable photo-thermal conversion function and hydrophobicity. As a representative material, the surface element and skeleton morphology of pomelo peel foam treated by CHSiCl are analyzed detailedly. It is found that well-hydrophobicity (water contact angle of ~147°) and photo-thermal conversion performance (~91.

MOF-derived 3D petal-like CoNi-LDH array cooperates with MXene to effectively inhibit fire and toxic smoke hazards of FPUF.

The toxic smoke produced by the combustion of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) may not only caused casualties, but also polluted the environment. Here, double metal hydroxide derived from ZIF-67 (MOF-LDH) modified TiCT (TiCT@MOF-LDH) was innovatively designed to solve the serious smoke and fire hazards of FPUF. The FPUF nanocomposite containing 6 wt% TiCTx@MOF-LDH achieved a 16.

Construction of bismaleimide resin with enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties based on a novel DOPO-derived bismaleimide monomer.

It's known that the application of bismaleimide resins (BMI) is limited due to its brittleness and poor flame retardancy. A novel type of BMI monomer (MADQ) based on the typical phosphorus series flame retardant DOPO is designed to improve the fire safety of BMI. Besides, aliphatic long chain structure is introduced in MADQ, which is supposed to be conducive to reducing the rigidity of the BMI cross-linked network and thus to improve the toughness of BMI.

High-performance flexible polyurethane foam based on hierarchical BN@MOF-LDH@APTES structure: Enhanced adsorption, mechanical and fire safety properties.

Improving resilience, enhancing fire safety and adsorption properties were the key points for the preparation of high-performance flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). Here, MOF-derived petal-like Co/Mg-double metal hydroxide (Co/Mg-LDH) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) were selected to modify the hydroxylated boron nitride (BNNS-OH) to obtain a hydrophobic BN@MOF-LDH@APTES. Compared with the previous work, BN@MOF-LDH@APTES demonstrated extremely high filler efficiency in reducing the heat release per unit mass (THR/TM) (18.

Exploration on structural rules of highly efficient flame retardant unsaturated polyester resins.

Owing to the lack of research on structure-activity relationship and interaction mechanism between unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) and flame retardants, it has been a big challenge to prepare high-efficiency flame retardants for UPR in industry. In this research, to explore structural rules of high-efficiency flame retardants, several polymeric flame retardants were synthesized with varied main-chain, side-chain, phosphorus valence states and contents of flame retardant elements. The thermal stabilities of flame retardants and UPR composites were firstly assessed.

Functionalizing TiCT for enhancing fire resistance and reducing toxic gases of flexible polyurethane foam composites with reinforced mechanical properties.

Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is the most used polyurethane, but the highly flammable characteristic limits its widespread usage. In this work, ZIF-8@TiCTwas synthesized to reduce the heat and toxic gases of FPUF. Flame-retardant FPUF was characterized by cone calorimeter (Cone), thermogravimetric analysis/fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), tensileand compression tests.

Design of copper salt@graphene nanohybrids to accomplish excellent resilience and superior fire safety for flexible polyurethane foam.

Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is the most commonly used polyurethane, but its highly flammable characteristics makes it ignite easily and release a lot of heat and toxic gases. Here, the effect of different forms of copper salt modified graphene (rGO@CuO, rGO@CuO and rGO@CSOH) on improving the fire protection efficiency and mechanical property of FPUF is explored. Hybrid FPUF is characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR), tension, compression, and falling ball rebound testing.

The improvement of fire safety performance of flexible polyurethane foam by Highly-efficient P-N-S elemental hybrid synergistic flame retardant.

Herein, three different phosphorus-containing compounds (methyl phosphoryl dichloride, phenyl phosphoryl dichloride and phenyl dichlorophosphate) were reacted with 2-aminobenzothiazole respectively, and a series of synergistic flame retardants with phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur elements were synthesized, named MPBT, PPBT and POBT respectively. Then, they were added to prepare flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). Through the analysis of thermal stability, pyrolysis, heat release and smoke release behavior, the influence of different phosphorus-containing structures on the flame-retardant performance of FPUF was studied, and their flame-retardant mechanism was explored in detail.

Polydopamine-Bridged Synthesis of Ternary h-BN@PDA@TiO as Nanoenhancers for Thermal Conductivity and Flame Retardant of Polyvinyl Alcohol.

In this study, h-BN@PDA@TiO hybrid nanoparticles were prepared and used as functional fillers to prepare PVA nanocomposites, and the effects of hybrid particles on PVA thermal conductivity and flame retardant properties were studied. The results showed that hybrid particles could significantly improve the thermal conductivity and flame retardant performance of PVA composites, and effectively inhibit the release of toxic gases such as combustible pyrolysis products and CO, which enhanced the fire safety of PVA composites. When the addition amount of hybrid particles is 5 wt%, the thermal conductivity of PVA composites is 239.

Construction of graphite oxide modified black phosphorus through covalent linkage: An efficient strategy for smoke toxicity and fire hazard suppression of epoxy resin.

The black phosphorus (BP) can be compounded with other two-dimensional materials with flame retardant effect to achieve better synergistic effect. Herein, the multifunctional BP-RGO nanohybrids was fabricated by solvothermal strategy to improve the dispersion state of BP in epoxy resin (EP) and enhance its fire safety performance, where the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was attached on the surface of BP via PC and POC bonds. With the incorporation of 2.

Natural antioxidant functionalization for fabricating ambient-stable black phosphorus nanosheets toward enhancing flame retardancy and toxic gases suppression of polyurethane.

Herein, as a natural antioxidant, tannin (TA) is firstly used to functionalize black phosphorous (BP) nanosheets to improve the ambient stability and toxic suppression, thus decreasing the fire hazards of polymer materials. Compared to pure BP nanosheets, higher temperature for thermal oxidation decomposition is achieved for TA-BP nanosheets, directly confirming the ambient stability of TA-BP nanosheets. Meanwhile, from high resolution TEM and XPS results, TA-BP nanosheets after being exposed at air for 10 days present well-organized crystal structure and low PO bonds content.

Hierarchical Structure: An effective Strategy to Enhance the Mechanical Performance and Fire Safety of Unsaturated Polyester Resin.

It is still a big challenge to prepare polymer/layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites with high performance, due to the strong agglomeration tendency of LDHs in the polymeric matrix. In this study, to avoid the agglomerated situation, the orientated LDH nanosheets were vertically grown on a ramie fabric surface, which was then embedded in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) through the combination method of hand lay-up and vacuum bag. Due to the increased contact area and the restricted interfacial slip in the in-plane direction, the hierarchically LDH-functionalized ramie fabrics (denoted as Textile@LDH) significantly enhanced the mechanical performance of UPR composites.

Air-Stable Polyphosphazene-Functionalized Few-Layer Black Phosphorene for Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins.

Similar to graphene, few-layer black phosphorus (BP) features thermal stability, mechanical properties, and characteristic dimension effects, which has potential as a new member of nanofillers for fabricating polymer nanocomposites. Herein, a cross-linked polyphosphazene-functionalized BP (BP-PZN) is developed with abundant -NH groups via a one-pot polycondensation of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene on the surface of BP nanosheets. Whereafter, the resulting BP-PZN is incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) to study the flame-retardant property and smoke suppression performance.

BiSe decorated recyclable liquid-exfoliated MoS nanosheets: Towards suppress smoke emission and improve mechanical properties of epoxy resin.

Bimetallic compounds have been proved superior suppression effect on smoke emission during combustion of polymers. In this work, MoS/BiSe (MB) hybrids were prepared by a facile wet chemical method and showed superior performance on smoke suppression of EP matrix during combustion. N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) was employed to exfoliate molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanosheets in a recyclable method, which showed high efficiency and was recyclable.

Construction of Hierarchical Natural Fabric Surface Structure Based on Two-Dimensional Boron Nitride Nanosheets and Its Application for Preparing Biobased Toughened Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites.

It has been a big challenge to prepare the unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) composites with good fire safety, interfacial quality, and impact strength in an environmentally friendly way. In this study, to improve interfacial performance of fabric-reinforced UPR composites, nontoxic two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets were assembled on the surface of ramie fabrics, where sodium alginate acts as a green dispersant to disperse h-BN sheets during the process. Then, the biobased phosphorus-containing toughening agent (PCTA) was synthesized to simultaneously improve the impact strength and fire safety of the composite.

Construction of multifunctional boron nitride nanosheet towards reducing toxic volatiles (CO and HCN) generation and fire hazard of thermoplastic polyurethane.

Considerable toxic volatiles (CO and HCN) generation and high fire hazard has definitely compromised the application of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Here, a novel functionalization strategy for bulky h-BN is adopted to obtain the multifunctional CPBN, aiming at the flame retardancy reinforcement of TPU. The multifunctional CPBN is successfully prepared via the wrapping of phytic acid doped polypyrrole shell, following with the adsorption of copper ions.

Rapid Synthesis of Oxygen-Rich Covalent CN (CNO) Nanosheets by Sacrifice of HKUST-1: Advanced Metal-Free Nanofillers for Polymers.

A covalent oxygen-rich CN (CNO) network derived from metal-organic framework (HKUST-1) was innovatively synthesized by a rapid and green microwave irradiation method. This method can produce CNO multilayers efficiently, which paves a way for practical application of the nanosheets. Structural characterization and synthesis processes of CNO nanosheets were investigated to further understand the key role of HKUST-1.

Construction of Bimetallic ZIF-Derived Co-Ni LDHs on the Surfaces of GO or CNTs with a Recyclable Method: Toward Reduced Toxicity of Gaseous Thermal Decomposition Products of Unsaturated Polyester Resin.

This work proposed an idea of recycling in preparing Co-Ni layered double hydroxide (LDH)-derived flame retardants. A novel and feasible method was developed to synthesize CO-Ni LDH-decorated graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), by sacrificing bimetal zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). Organic ligands that departed from ZIFs were recyclable and can be reused to synthesize ZIFs.