An integrated strategy for characterization of chemical constituents in Stephania tetrandra using LC-QTOF-MS/MS and the target isolation of two new biflavonoids.

LC-MS has been a widely used analytical technique for identification of natural compounds. However, sophisticated and laborious data analysis is required to identify chemical components, especially new compounds, from a large LC-MS dataset. The aim of this study is to develop an integrated data-mining strategy that combines molecular networking (MN), in-house polygonal mass defect filtering (MDF), and diagnostic fragment ion filtering (DFIF) to identify phytochemicals in Stephania tetrandra based on LC-MS data.

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Microwave-Assisted Extraction for the Chromatographic Analysis of Bioactive Flavonoids in Spirodela polyrrhiza.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are regarded as promising solvents to extract chemicals from plant materials. In this study, a DES-based microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was developed for the chromatographic analysis of four bioactive flavonoids in Spirodela polyrrhiza. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Promosil C18-column.

Dextran-based Nanomicelle System with Directly Ester-bound Gadolinium Chelates as a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent for Tumor Detection.

There is a strong need to develop MRI contrast agents (CAs) with lower retention, stronger signal enhancement, and more specific imaging. Here, we report a novel dextran (DEX)-based nanomicelle system as an MRI CA with superior tumor imaging and relatively short intravascular persistence. Gadolinium (Gd)-chelate (DTPA-Gd) was conjugated directly to DEX hydroxyl via a degradable ester bond.

Solubilization of Hexyl Aminolevulinate by Surfactants for Tumor Fluorescence Detection.

Hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL) is a lipophilic derivative of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and can induce more protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) formation and stronger fluorescence intensity (FI) than 5-ALA, which will greatly facilitate photodynamic diagnosis and therapy. The main drawback of HAL is its low solubility in neutral aqueous media. In this study, surfactants were used to increase HAL solubility in the cell culture medium and serum, followed by in vitro fluorescence formation measurement in human pancreatic cancer cells (SW1990) and in vivo fluorescence detection in tumor-bearing mice.

DNA barcodes for the identification of Stephania (Menispermaceae) species.

Stephania is a medicinal plants-rich genus of Menispermaceae. However, the identification of morphologically-similar species in Stephania is difficult using the currently reported methods. The indiscriminate overexploitation of Stephania plants has resulted in clinical misuse and endangerment of many species, which necessitates the development of an efficient and reliable method for species authentication.

Stearic Acid-Grafted Chitooligosaccharide Nanomicelle System with Biocleavable Gadolinium Chelates as a Multifunctional Agent for Tumor Imaging and Drug Delivery.

Purpose: Theranostic nanoplatforms are promising approaches for diagnosis and treatment. Here, we report a drug-loaded nanomicelle system with biocleavable gadolinium (Gd) chelates as a multifunctional biodegradable agent for simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and drug delivery.

Methods: Self-assembled nanomicelles based on stearic acid-grafted chitooligosaccharide were utilized as vehicles.

Determination of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in Azolla imbricata by chitosan-based matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with HPLC-PDA.

Five main components of Azolla imbricata were isolated and identified as caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, four of which were isolated from this species for the first time. The five compounds exhibited strong antioxidant activities and were used as chemical markers for quantitative analysis. A chitosan-based matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of the five analytes in A.

Inhibition of airway remodeling and inflammation by isoforskolin in PDGF-induced rat ASMCs and OVA-induced rat asthma model.

Isoforskolin (ISOF) has been reported to play an important role in many illnesses including respiratory, cardiovascular and ophthalmologic diseases. In our study, we aimed to investigate how ISOF regulates airway remodeling and inflammation in asthma. Based on SO-stimulated mouse cough model, we assessed the role of ISOF in cough and secretion of phlegm.

Formulation and evaluation of a montelukast sodium orally disintegrating tablet with a similar dissolution profile as the marketed product.

A major challenge of orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) development is predicting its bioequivalence to its corresponding marketed product. Therefore, comparing ODT dissolution profiles to those of the corresponding marketed product is very important. The objective of this study was to develop a 5.

Pharmacokinetics of isoforskolin after administration via different routes in guinea pigs.

1. The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of isoforskolin after oral, intraperitoneal and intravenous administration, as well as to compare bioavailability. 2.

Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of a novel tetramethylpyrazine reservoir-type transdermal patch versus tetramethylpyrazine phosphate oral tablets in healthy normal volunteers, and in vitro/in vivo correlation.

A novel reservoir-type transdermal system of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) was developed containing eucalyptus oil as a penetration enhancer. The single and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic profiles of TMP administrated by TMP transdermal patch were characterized in healthy volunteers using an in vivo, randomized, open-label, two-way crossover design. 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine phosphate (TMPP) oral tablets were chosen as reference.

Development of a reservoir-type transdermal delivery system containing eucalyptus oil for tetramethylpyrazine.

The purpose of this study was to formulate a reservoir-type transdermal delivery system (TDS) for 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) to enable the delivery of a sufficient dose through human skin to achieve an effective therapeutic plasma concentration. To improve the penetration of TMP in the reservoir-type TDS, several chemical penetration enhancers were investigated using in vitro rat dorsal skin permeation studies. Eucalyptus oil was found to enhance the permeation of TMP to the greatest extent, with the optimal concentration being 5% and the flux being 542.

Intestinal permeability of forskolin by in situ single pass perfusion in rats.

The intestinal permeability of forskolin was investigated using a single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) technique in rats. SPIP was performed in different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) with three concentrations of forskolin (11.90, 29.

Determination of palmatine in canine plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with solid-phase extraction.

A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of palmatine in canine plasma. Palmatine and jatrorrhizine (internal standard, I.S.

Determination of aglycone conjugated metabolites of scutellarin in rat plasma by HPLC.

A specific, precise and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of aglycone conjugated metabolites of scutellarin in plasma after enzymolysis to scutellarein (the aglycone of scutellarin) was developed and validated. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Lunar C18(2) reversed-phase column at a column temperature of 40 degrees C. The mobile phase, delivered at 1.

[Determination of ligustrazine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction].

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of ligustrazine in human plasma. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Luna C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.

A pharmacokinetic study of intramuscular administration of bulleyaconitine A in healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics of bulleyaconitine A (BLA) after a single dose of 0.2 mg intramuscular injection was evaluated in healthy volunteers. Physical exam, vital signs, clinical laboratory tests and electrocardiogram measurements were monitored to assess the safety and tolerance of the drug.

Determination of bulleyaconitine A in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) was developed for the determination of bulleyaconitine A (BLA) in human plasma. BLA and internal standard (I.S.