Altered Subcortical Brain Volume and Cortical Thickness Related to Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine the alterations in subcortical brain volume and cortical thickness among individuals diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through the application of morphometry techniques and, additionally, to investigate the potential association between these modifications and insulin resistance (IR).

Materials And Methods: The present cross-sectional study comprised a total of 121 participants (n = 48 with healthy controls [HCs] and n = 73 with T2DM) who were recruited and underwent a battery of cognitive testing and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). FreeSurfer was used to process the MRI data.

Functional connectivity density aberrance in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without mild cognitive impairment.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate alterations in functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping and their impact on functional connectivity (FC) among individuals diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) across different cognitive states. Moreover, the study sought to explore the potential association between aberrant FCD/FC patterns and clinical or cognitive variables.

Methods: A total of 211 participants were recruited for this study, consisting of 75 healthy controls (HCs), 89 T2DM patients with normal cognitive function (DMCN), and 47 T2DM patients with mild cognitive impairment (DMCI).

CNTNAP4 deficiency in dopaminergic neurons initiates parkinsonian phenotypes.

: Contactin-associated protein-like 4 (CNTNAP4) belongs to the neurexin superfamily and has critical functions in neurological development and synaptic function. Loss of CNTNAP4 in interneurons has been linked to autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. CNTNAP4 is also highly enriched in dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), however, few studies have investigated the role of CNTNAP4 in DA neurons, and whether CNTNAP4 deficiency in DA neurons contributes to Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear.

Modified Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction Ameliorates A Synaptotoxicity in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by cognitive dysfunction; however, the therapeutic strategies are not fully understood. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (HLJDD) is a famous traditional Chinese herbal formula that has been widely used clinically to treat dementia. Recently, according to previous study and our clinical practice, we generate a new modification of HLJDD (named modified-HLJDD).

Localization of area prostriata and its connections with primary visual cortex in rodent.

Area prostriata (Pro) has been found to play important roles in the rapid processing of moving stimuli in the far peripheral visual field. However, the specific neural substrates responsible for these functions remain unknown. In this study, we first examined the location, extent, and topography of the rodent equivalent of the primate Pro based on cytoarchitecture and molecular markers.

Development of a Rapid Coal Analyzer Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS).

Determination of coal quality plays a major role in coal-fired power plants and coal producers for optimizing the utilization efficiency and controlling the quality. In this work, a rapid coal analyzer based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was developed for rapid quality analysis of pulverized coal. The structure of the LIBS apparatus was introduced in detail.

Approaches to cutaneous wound healing: basics and future directions.

The skin provides essential functions, such as thermoregulation, hydration, excretion and synthesis of vitamin D. Major disruptions of the skin cause impairment of critical functions, resulting in high morbidity and death, or leave one with life-changing cosmetic damage. Due to the complexity of the skin, diverse approaches are needed, including both traditional and advanced, to improve cutaneous wound healing.

Visible light-induced C3-sulfonamidation of imidazopyridines with sulfamides.

A visible light-induced regioselective sulfonamidation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was developed using sulfamides as the nitrogen sources and aqueous NaClO solution as the oxidant under mild conditions. With the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines bearing various substituents, the reaction proceeded smoothly to furnish the C3-sulfonamidation products in moderate to good yields. The method was also suitable for the sulfonamidation of some other imidazoheterocycles.

Iron-Catalyzed Regioselective Alkoxycarbonylation of Imidazoheterocycles with Carbazates.

A regioselective alkoxycarbonylation of imidazoheterocycles using carbazates as ester group sources in DMSO was developed, in which an inexpensive FeCl2·4H2O was used as the catalyst and (NH4)2S2O8 was the oxidant. The reaction proceeded smoothly under an air atmosphere to give the 3-alkoxycarbonylated products in moderate to good yields.

Experimental study of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for direct analysis of coal particle flow.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was employed to directly analyze coal particles in the form of descending flow. Coal-particle ablation was performed using a 1064 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd : YAG) laser at atmospheric conditions. Spectral identification schemes were used to acquire spectra containing all the emission lines of the important elements in coal.

Experimental study on the characteristics of molecular emission spectroscopy for the analysis of solid materials containing C and N.

Solid materials with different structure containing C and N were analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Comparing the emission molecular species in different atmosphere (air and argon), it can be determined that whether the molecular species are directly vaporized from sample or generated through dissociation or the interaction between plasma and air molecules. The results showed that the characteristic of C2 bands emission is similar with that of neutral atomic carbon emission CI in different atmosphere (air and argon).