Investigation of the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe, progressive, neurological disorder. PD is not a single disease, but rather resembles a syndrome. PD includes two types of pathogenesis (i.

Can nonvolatile tastants be smelled during food oral processing?

While accumulating evidence implied the involvement of retro-nasal sensation in the consumption of nonvolatile taste compounds, it is still unclear whether it was caused by the taste compounds themselves, and if so, how can they migrate from the oral to nasal cavity. At first, we proposed aerosol particles as an alternative oral-nasal mass transfer mechanism. The high-speed camera approved that aerosol particles could be generated by the typical oral and pharynx actions during food oral processing; while the narrow-band imaging of nasal cleft and mass spectrometry of nostril-exhaled air approved the migration of aerosol within the oral-nasal route.