GRIK1 promotes glioblastoma malignancy and is a novel prognostic factor of poor prognosis.

Primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are classified into over 100 different histological types. The most common type of glioma is derived from astrocytes, and the most invasive glioblastoma (WHO IV) accounts for over 57% of these tumors. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal tumor of the CNS, with strong growth and invasion capabilities, which makes complete surgical resection almost impossible.

Effect of information encounter on concerns over healthy eating- mediated through body comparison and moderated by body mass index or body satisfaction.

Background: Understanding factors that influence healthy or unhealthy eating can inform intervention strategies. This study ascertained whether and how unintentional exposure to food and nutrition information influenced healthy eating concerns. The study tested body comparison, body satisfaction, and body mass index as three mechanisms that potentially link food information encounter, commonly known as information scanning, to healthy eating concerns.

Early outcomes of endoscopic endonasal approach pituitary adenomas resection with minimal nasal injury.

To report the results of a consecutive series of pituitary adenomas resected through endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) with minimal nasal injury.Retrospectively review tumor characteristics and surgical outcomes of a consecutive series of EEA pituitary adenomas resection performed mainly by a single author between March 2018 and June 2019.A total of 75 endoscopic endonasal approach pituitary adenoma resections were performed by the authors' team.

Texture Analysis of High b-Value Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Evaluating Consistency of Pituitary Macroadenomas.

Background: Preoperative evaluation of the consistency of pituitary macroadenomas is important for neurosurgeons to prepare the surgical plan.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of texture analysis (TA) of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at a standard b-value (b = 1000 s/mm ) and a high b-value (b = 2000 s/mm ) for their ability to assess the tumor consistency of pituitary macroadenomas.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Association Between Champagne Bottle Neck Sign of Internal Carotid Artery and Ipsilateral Hemorrhagic Stroke in Patients with Moyamoya Disease.

Objective: To assess association between champagne bottle neck sign (CBNS) in carotid artery and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).

Methods: This retrospective study included 76 consecutive patients with MMD without definite risk factors associated with intracranial hemorrhage who underwent preoperative angiography from January 2016 to December 2017. CBNS was defined as luminal diameter ratio of internal carotid artery/common carotid artery ≤0.

MiR-184 Retarded the Proliferation, Invasiveness and Migration of Glioblastoma Cells by Repressing Stanniocalcin-2.

To investigate the repression of miR-184 on Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) and how this axis affects the propagation, invasiveness and migration ability of glioblastoma cells. RT-PCR was employed to determine the miR-184 and STC2 mRNA expression both in tissues and cells. Western blot was employed to determine the protein expression levels.

MicroRNA-622 suppresses the proliferation of glioma cells by targeting YAP1.

It has recently been shown that miR-622 plays a tumor suppressive role in many human cancers. However, the exact function and underlying mechanism are still unknown. Here, we reported that the level of miR-622 is clearly reduced in human glioma tissues in comparison with normal brain tissues and is negatively correlated with the histological grades.

miR-330-5p suppresses glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasiveness through targeting ITGA5.

The present study intended to investigate the biological effects of miR-330-5p on glioblastoma (GBM) cell proliferation and invasiveness by targeting integrin α5 (ITGA5). The expressions of miR-330-5p and ITGA5 mRNA in GBM cell lines (U87, U251, and U373) and normal brain glial cell line (HEB) were detected using RT-qPCR. Protein expression of ITGA5 was examined using Western blot.

Endogenous neurotrophin-3 promotes neuronal sprouting from dorsal root ganglia.

In the present study, we investigated the role of endogenous neurotrophin-3 in nerve terminal sprouting 2 months after spinal cord dorsal root rhizotomy. The left L1-5 and L7-S2 dorsal root ganglia in adult cats were exposed and removed, preserving the L6 dorsal root ganglia. Neurotrophin-3 was mainly expressed in large neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and in some neurons in spinal lamina II.

Effect of glycyrrhizin on traumatic brain injury in rats and its mechanism.

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of glycyrrhizin (Gly) as well as its effect on expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, TBI group, and TBI+Gly group (n=36 per group). Rat TBI model was made by using the modified Feeney's method.

Human herpesvirus 6 latent infection in patients with glioma.

The etiology of glioma remains unclear so far. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) might be associated with glioma, but there is no direct evidence to support this. High percentages of HHV-6 DNA and protein were detected in tissue from gliomas, compared with normal brain tissue.

The apoptosis-resistance in t-AUCB-treated glioblastoma cells depends on activation of Hsp27.

We previously reported that sEH inhibitor t-AUCB suppresses the growth of human glioblastoma U251 and U87 cell lines and induces cell-cycle G0/G1 phase arrest. In present study, we found even 96 h-treatment of 200 μM t-AUCB can not induce apoptosis in U251 and U87 cells. We also revealed that 200 μM t-AUCB significantly elevates the activation of p38 MAPK, MAPKAPK2 and Hsp27.

A novel embolic stroke model resembling lacunar infarction following proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion in beagle dogs.

It is estimated that lacunar infarcts account for 25% of all ischemic strokes, but its exact etiology is still on debating. The existing controversies include whether the embolisms can indeed cause lacunar stroke in humans or animal models. We hypothesized that lacunar infarction can be induced by the proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) segmental occlusion involving the orifices of lenticulostriate arteries in animal models, which have abundant distal cerebral collateral anastomosis.

Anisomycin induces glioma cell death via down-regulation of PP2A catalytic subunit in vitro.

Aim: To examine the effects of anisomycin on glioma cells and the related mechanisms in vitro.

Methods: The U251 and U87 human glioblastoma cell lines were tested. The growth of the cells was analyzed using a CCK-8 cell viability assay.

t-AUCB, an improved sEH inhibitor, suppresses human glioblastoma cell growth by activating NF-κB-p65.

Although sEH inhibitors are well studied in inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, their effects on gliomas are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of t-AUCB, a more potent and selective sEH inhibitor, on U251 and U87 human glioblastoma cell lines and the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Our results showed that t-AUCB efficiently inhibited sEH activities in all three cell lines (the inhibition rate was more than 80% in each) and suppressed U251 and U87 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, but exhibited no cell growth inhibition on HepG2.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ribavirin and pleconaril antiviral activity against enterovirus 71 infection.

Enterovirus 71(EV71) causes recurring outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease and encephalitis leading to complications or death in young children. More effective antiviral drugs are needed to prevent or reduce EV71-related disease and complications. However, there are no standard models currently in use to evaluate activity against EV71 infection both in vitro and in vivo.

Human herpesvirus 6A induces apoptosis of primary human fetal astrocytes via both caspase-dependent and -independent pathways.

Background: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a T-lymphtropic and neurotropic virus that can infect various types of cells. Sequential studies reported that apoptosis of glia and neurons induced by HHV-6 might act a potential trigger for some central nervous system (CNS) diseases. HHV-6 is involved in the pathogenesis of encephalitis, multiple sclerosis (MS) and fatigue syndrome.

The effect of lentivirus-mediated TH and GDNF genetic engineering mesenchymal stem cells on Parkinson's disease rat model.

This study was designed to assess the potential therapeutic efficacy of gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSCs-TH and MSCs-GDNF, in PD rats. Fifty-nine PD rat models were divided into five groups and then the gene-modified MSCs were transplanted into the striatum of rats according to the design. Apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in rats was observed weekly; rats which received both MSCs-TH and MSCs-GDNF showed the most significant improvement compared with those in other groups (P < 0.

MicroRNA-181a sensitizes human malignant glioma U87MG cells to radiation by targeting Bcl-2.

Radiotherapy is widely used in cancer treatment and biological studies. Multiple mechanisms induced by radiation, especially changes of the expression profile of genes, lead to the disruption of cellular homeostasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional gene regulators and play an important role in response to cellular stress.

Pharmacokinetics and the bystander effect in CD::UPRT/5-FC bi-gene therapy of glioma.

Background: Cytosine deaminase (CD) converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in CD/5-FC gene therapy, 5-FU will be mostly converted into nontoxic beta-alanine without uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT). UPRT catalyzes the conversion of 5-FU to 5-fluorouridine monophosphate, which directly kills CD::UPRT-expressing cells and surrounding cells via the bystander effect. But the pharmacokinetics and the bystander effect of CD::UPRT/5-FC has not been verified in vivo and in vitro.

Radiofrequency thermocoagulation-assisted surgery for intracranial giant vasogenic tumors.

Background: We report the novel use of radiofrequency thermocoagulation to facilitate surgical excision of intracranial giant vasogenic tumors and detail the operative procedures and patient outcomes.

Materials And Methods: There were 2 patients with intracranial giant vasogenic tumors. The first was an extracerebral deep-seated cavernous angioma in the cavernous sinus (largest diameter: 8 cm), and the other was a hemangiopericytoma accreting the left confluence sinus (largest diameter: 9.

[Endoscopic transseptal transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma microsurgery].

Objective: To introduce the approach and technique of endoscopic transseptal transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma microsurgery.

Method: Endoscopic transseptal transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma microsurgery were performed in 23 patients.

Result: Tumors were total resected in all of the patients.

Combined therapy of methylprednisolone and brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of combination therapy with methylprednisolone (MP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on axonal remyelination and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats.

Methods: Forty-five rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group A received MP and BDNF; group B received MP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); and group C received CSF only. Contusion injury to adult rat spinal cord was produced at the T(10) vertebra level followed by immediate intravenous MP or CSF, and was thereafter infused intrathecally with BDNF or CSF for 6 weeks.

Idiopathic IgA nephropathy with diffuse crescent formation.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and outcome of idiopathic IgA nephropathy with diffuse crescent formation in Chinese patients.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with diffuse crescentic IgA nephropathy (DCIgAN), 15 males and 10 females with median age of 28.5, and median disease duration of 5.