Innovation and entrepreneurship of Chinese returning migrant workers in their home region.

This study aims to investigate the influence of pre-entrepreneurial career mobility frequency and job changes among returning migrant workers (RMWs) on the innovation level of enterprises, with a particular focus on the mediating role of urban social capital accumulated by RMWs. Using data from the "current entrepreneurial status of RMWs", we applied an ordered probit model to validate our hypotheses. To address endogeneity, a recursive bivariate probit model was used, and stepwise regression combined with bootstrap methods was employed to ascertain the mediating influence of urban social capital.

Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cross-Coupling of Unactivated C(sp)-H and C(sp)-H Bonds.

Direct C-H/C-H coupling represents an appealing method for the construction of C-C bonds, and the cross-coupling of unactivated C(sp)-H and C(sp)-H bonds is challenging and remains to be investigated. We have developed the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular coupling of inert C(sp)-H and C(sp)-H bonds. The reaction proceeded by -methyl oxime-directed aryl C(sp)-H activation and subsequent alkyl C(sp)-H cleavage, generating C(sp),C(sp)-palladacycles as the key intermediates.

Synthesis of Indolines by Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Amination of Unactivated C(sp)-H Bonds.

A new palladium-catalyzed C(sp)-H amination reaction has been developed. 1-(-Butyl)-2-iodobenzene and its derivatives undergo palladium-catalyzed C-H activation to form palladacycles. The palladacycles are aminated with diaziridinone to form indolines as the final products.