A machine learning-based radiomics approach for differentiating patellofemoral osteoarthritis from non-patellofemoral osteoarthritis using Q-Dixon MRI.

This prospective diagnostic study aimed to assess the utility of machine learning-based quadriceps fat pad (QFP) radiomics in distinguishing patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) from non-PFOA using Q-Dixon MRI in patients presenting with anterior knee pain. This diagnostic accuracy study retrospectively analyzed data from 215 patients (mean age: 54.2 ± 11.

Overlooked and underpowered: a meta-research addressing sample size in radiomics prediction models for binary outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate how studies determine the sample size when developing radiomics prediction models for binary outcomes, and whether the sample size meets the estimates obtained by using established criteria.

Methods: We identified radiomics studies that were published from 01 January 2023 to 31 December 2023 in seven leading peer-reviewed radiological journals. We reviewed the sample size justification methods, and actual sample size used.

FDG PET/CT in a Case of Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Ilium.

Although pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands are benign tumors, they can metastasize to distant organs without evidence of malignant transformation. We describe FDG PET/CT finding in a case of metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma in the right ilium occurring 22 years after initial surgical resection of a lip pleomorphic adenoma. On FDG PET/CT, the iliac metastasis appeared as an expansile osteolytic lesion with heterogeneous activity.

FDG PET/CT in a Case of Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Ilium.

Although pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands are benign tumors, they can metastasize to distant organs without evidence of malignant transformation. We describe FDG PET/CT finding in a case of metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma in the right ilium occurring 22 years after initial surgical resection of a lip pleomorphic adenoma. On FDG PET/CT, the iliac metastasis appeared as an expansile osteolytic lesion with heterogeneous activity.

Node-RADS: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance, category-wise malignancy rates, and inter-observer reliability.

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate diagnostic performance, category-wise malignancy rates, and inter-observer reliability of Node Reporting and Data System 1.0 (Node-RADS).

Methods: Five electronic databases were systematically searched for primary studies on the use of Node-RADS to report the possibility of cancer involvement of lymph nodes on CT and MRI from January 1, 2021, until April 15, 2024.

Low-dose Ultra-high-resolution Photon-Counting Detector CT for Visceral Artery CT Angiography: A Preliminary Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To validate the image quality of low-dose ultra-high-resolution (UHR) scanning mode of photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) for visceral artery computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Material And Methods: We prospectively enrolled 57 patients each in the full dose (FD) and low-dose (LD) protocols, respectively, to undergo abdominal CT scans using the UHR mode on a PCD-CT system (NAEOTOM Alpha), between April 2023 and September 2023. Both the FD data and LD data were then reconstructed into two series of images: (a) 0.

The policies on the use of large language models in radiological journals are lacking: a meta-research study.

Objective: To evaluate whether and how the radiological journals present their policies on the use of large language models (LLMs), and identify the journal characteristic variables that are associated with the presence.

Methods: In this meta-research study, we screened Journals from the Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging Category, 2022 Journal Citation Reports, excluding journals in non-English languages and relevant documents unavailable. We assessed their LLM use policies: (1) whether the policy is present; (2) whether the policy for the authors, the reviewers, and the editors is present; and (3) whether the policy asks the author to report the usage of LLMs, the name of LLMs, the section that used LLMs, the role of LLMs, the verification of LLMs, and the potential influence of LLMs.

Deep learning image reconstruction for low-kiloelectron volt virtual monoenergetic images in abdominal dual-energy CT: medium strength provides higher lesion conspicuity.

Background: The best settings of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm for abdominal low-kiloelectron volt (keV) virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) have not been determined.

Purpose: To determine the optimal settings of the DLIR algorithm for abdominal low-keV VMI.

Material And Methods: The portal-venous phase computed tomography (CT) scans of 109 participants with 152 lesions were reconstructed into four image series: VMI at 50 keV using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (Asir-V) at 50% blending (AV-50); and VMI at 40 keV using AV-50 and DLIR at medium (DLIR-M) and high strength (DLIR-H).

Numerical simulation study of nanoparticle diffusion in gray matter.

Purpose: Nanomedicine-based approaches have shown great potential in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. However, the fate of nanoparticles (NPs) within the brain parenchyma has not received much attention. The complexity of the microstructure of the brain and the invisibility of NPs make it difficult to study NP transport within the grey matter.

Deep learning image reconstruction generates thinner slice iodine maps with improved image quality to increase diagnostic acceptance and lesion conspicuity: a prospective study on abdominal dual-energy CT.

Background: To assess the improvement of image quality and diagnostic acceptance of thinner slice iodine maps enabled by deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in abdominal dual-energy CT (DECT).

Methods: This study prospectively included 104 participants with 136 lesions. Four series of iodine maps were generated based on portal-venous scans of contrast-enhanced abdominal DECT: 5-mm and 1.

Association between quadriceps fat pad edema and patellofemoral osteoarthritis: a quantitative Q-Dixon-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis.

Background: Anterior knee pain (AKP) is a common symptom of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA). There is limited prospective evidence supporting the relationships between patellofemoral maltracking parameters, AKP, and PFOA. Thus, this prospective cross-sectional study aimed to determine the association between quadriceps fat pad (QFP) edema and patellofemoral maltracking in patients with chronic AKP and to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of a PFOA assessment using fat fraction (FF) and T2* based on Q-Dixon.

Just give the contrast? Appraisal of guidelines on intravenous iodinated contrast media use in patients with kidney disease.

Objective: To appraise the quality of guidelines on intravenous iodinated contrast media (ICM) use in patients with kidney disease, and to compare the recommendations among them.

Methods: We searched four literature databases, eight guideline libraries, and ten homepages of radiological societies to identify English and Chinese guidelines on intravenous ICM use in patients with kidney disease published between January 2018 and June 2023. The quality of the guidelines was assessed with the Scientific, Transparent, and Applicable Rankings (STAR) tool.

Bioinformatics and Experimental Study Revealed LINC00982/ miR-183-5p/ABCA8 Axis Suppresses LUAD Progression.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major health challenge worldwide with an undesirable prognosis. LINC00982 has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in diverse human cancers; however, its role in LUAD has not been fully characterized.

Methods: Expression level and prognostic value of LINC00982 were investigated in pan-cancer and lung cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project.

Impacts of Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-V and Deep Learning Image Reconstruction Algorithms on Robustness of CT Radiomics Features: Opportunity for Minimizing Radiomics Variability Among Scans of Different Dose Levels.

This study aims to investigate the influence of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASIR-V) and deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) on CT radiomics feature robustness. A standardized phantom was scanned under single-energy CT (SECT) and dual-energy CT (DECT) modes at standard and low (20 and 10 mGy) dose levels. Images of SECT 120 kVp and corresponding DECT 120 kVp-like virtual monochromatic images were generated with filtered back-projection (FBP), ASIR-V at 40% (AV-40) and 100% (AV-100) blending levels, and DLIR algorithm at low (DLIR-L), medium (DLIR-M), and high (DLIR-H) strength levels.

Robustness of Quantitative Diffusion Metrics from Four Models: A Prospective Study on the Influence of Scan-Rescans, Voxel Size, Coils, and Observers.

Background: Quantitative diffusion metrics provide additional microstructural information of diseases. The robustness of quantitative diffusion metrics should be established before clinical application.

Purpose: To evaluate the variability and reproducibility of quantitative diffusion MRI metrics.

The endorsement of general and artificial intelligence reporting guidelines in radiological journals: a meta-research study.

Background: Complete reporting is essential for clinical research. However, the endorsement of reporting guidelines in radiological journals is still unclear. Further, as a field extensively utilizing artificial intelligence (AI), the adoption of both general and AI reporting guidelines would be necessary for enhancing quality and transparency of radiological research.

Unveiling the role of hypoxic macrophage-derived exosomes in driving colorectal cancer progression.

The crosstalk between tumor cells and macrophages under hypoxic conditions has been acknowledged as a pivotal determinant in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous research has underscored the significance of exosomes derived from hypoxic tumor cells in facilitating tumor progression through inducing the polarization of macrophages towards the M2-like phenotype. The precise influence of hypoxic macrophage-derived exosomes (HMDEs) on the progression of CRC has not yet been fully elucidated.

Long-term, real-time and label-free live cell image processing and analysis based on a combined algorithm of CellPose and watershed segmentation.

Developing a rapid and quantitative method to accurately evaluate the physiological abilities of living cells is critical for tumor control. Many experiments have been conducted in the field of biology in an attempt to measure the proliferation and movement abilities of cells, but existing methods cannot provide real-time and objective data for label-free cells. The quantitative imaging technique, including an automatic segmentation algorithm for individual label-free cells, has been a breakthrough in this regard.

Association among peripatellar fat pad edema and related patellofemoral maltracking parameters: a case-control magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: The peripatellar fat pads are critical for protective cushioning during movement, and their endocrine function has been shown to affect osteoarthritis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used to visualize edema of the peripatellar fat pads due to injury. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between peripatellar fat pad edema and patellofemoral maltracking MRI parameters and investigate the association among cases of peripatellar fat pad edema.

An overview of meta-analyses on radiomics: more evidence is needed to support clinical translation.

Objective: To conduct an overview of meta-analyses of radiomics studies assessing their study quality and evidence level.

Methods: A systematical search was updated via peer-reviewed electronic databases, preprint servers, and systematic review protocol registers until 15 November 2022. Systematic reviews with meta-analysis of primary radiomics studies were included.

The prognostic value of myocardial salvage index by cardiac magnetic resonance in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the prognostic value of myocardial salvage index (MSI) by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data to identify primary studies reporting MSI in STEMI patients with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) comprised of death, myocardial reinfarction, and congestive heart failure. The MSI and MACE rates were pooled.

A systematic review of radiomics in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB): the potential of analysis on individual radiomics feature for identifying genuine promising imaging biomarkers.

Purpose: To systematically assess the quality of radiomics research in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and to test the feasibility of analysis at the level of radiomics feature.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data to identify articles of GCTB radiomics until 31 July 2022. The studies were assessed by radiomics quality score (RQS), transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement, checklist for artificial intelligence in medical imaging (CLAIM), and modified quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) tool.

Robustness of radiomics features of virtual unenhanced and virtual monoenergetic images in dual-energy CT among different imaging platforms and potential role of CT number variability.

Objectives: To evaluate robustness of dual-energy CT (DECT) radiomics features of virtual unenhanced (VUE) image and virtual monoenergetic image (VMI) among different imaging platforms.

Methods: A phantom with sixteen clinical-relevant densities was scanned on ten DECT platforms with comparable scan parameters. Ninety-four radiomic features were extracted via Pyradiomics from VUE images and VMIs at energy level of 70 keV (VMI).