Activation of a helper NLR by plant and bacterial TIR immune signaling.

Plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors with an N-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain sense pathogen effectors to initiate immune signaling. TIR domains across different kingdoms have NADase activities and can produce phosphoribosyl adenosine monophosphate/diphosphate (pRib-AMP/ADP) or cyclic ADPR (cADPR) isomers. The lipase-like proteins EDS1 and PAD4 transduce immune signals from sensor TIR-NLRs to a helper NLR called ADR1, which executes immune function.

Recognition of a salivary effector by the TNL protein RCSP promotes effector-triggered immunity and systemic resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Insects secret chemosensory proteins (CSPs) into plant cells as potential effector proteins during feeding. The molecular mechanisms underlying how CSPs activate plant immunity remain largely unknown. We show that CSPs from six distinct insect orders induce dwarfism when overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana.

[Features of unintentional injury in children under the impact of coronavirus disease 2019].

Objectives: To study the features of unintentional injury in children under the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 2 526 children with unintentional injury in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2019 to June 2022. The study period was divided into 5 stages: before the epidemic (July to December, 2019), the Wuhan epidemic period (January to April, 2020), the epidemic remission period in China (May 2020 to February 2022), the Shanghai epidemic period (March to May, 2022), and the epidemic remission period in Shanghai (June 2022).

Secretome Analysis and In Planta Expression of Salivary Proteins Identify Candidate Effectors from the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a phloem sap-feeding insect. During feeding on rice plants, BPH secretes salivary proteins with potential effector functions, which may play a critical role in the plant-insect interactions. However, a limited number of BPH effector proteins have been identified to date.

A Mucin-Like Protein of Planthopper Is Required for Feeding and Induces Immunity Response in Plants.

The brown planthopper, , is a pest that threatens rice () production worldwide. While feeding on rice plants, planthoppers secrete saliva, which plays crucial roles in nutrient ingestion and modulating plant defense responses, although the specific functions of salivary proteins remain largely unknown. We identified an -secreted mucin-like protein (NlMLP) by transcriptome and proteome analyses and characterized its function, both in brown planthopper and in plants.

The Coiled-Coil and Nucleotide Binding Domains of BROWN PLANTHOPPER RESISTANCE14 Function in Signaling and Resistance against Planthopper in Rice.

(), the first planthopper resistance gene isolated via map-based cloning in rice (), encodes a coiled-coil, nucleotide binding site, leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) protein. Several planthopper and aphid resistance genes encoding proteins with similar structures have recently been identified. Here, we analyzed the functions of the domains of BPH14 to identify molecular mechanisms underpinning BPH14-mediated planthopper resistance.

Identification and analysis of brown planthopper-responsive microRNAs in resistant and susceptible rice plants.

The brown planthopper (BPH) is the most devastating insect pest of rice. The rice gene BPH15 confers resistance to BPH. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate a spectrum of development and defense response processes in plants.

Are incidence and severity of clubfoot related to the season of birth?

Background: This study was designed to determine whether the occurrence of clubfoot follows a seasonal pattern in neonates from eastern and south-eastern China and to speculate the potential etiology of clubfoot.

Methods: We reviewed 239 neonates with clubfeet during a period of 4 years as well as the monthly neonatal population of the Sixth National Population Census. Seasonal variations in terms of month of birth and severity were analyzed.

Is it worthwhile to screen the hip in infants born with clubfeet?

Purpose: There is some disagreement about whether idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) increases the risk of neonatal developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). This study aimed to investigate the incidence of DDH in our infants with idiopathic CTEV.

Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study over a three-year period to assess the relationship between idiopathic CTEV and DDH.