Organ-specific immune-related adverse events and prognosis in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Patients who developed immune-related adverse events (irAEs) could benefit more from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) than those who did not develop irAEs. This study was designed to assess whether the occurrence of irAEs or their characteristics are correlated with survival in advanced patients treated with ICIs.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled a panel of cancer patients who received ICIs at a single institute.

Research progress on the structural and anti-colorectal malignant tumor properties of Shikonin.

Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent malignant tumor worldwide. Despite the advancements in surgical procedures and treatment options, CRC remains a considerable cause of cancer-related mortality. Shikonin is a naphthoquinone compound that exhibits multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects as well as wound healing promotion.

Loss of SUR2 alters the composition of ceramides and shortens chronological lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Sphingolipids are crucial components of cell membranes and serve as important signaling molecules. Ceramide, as the central hub of sphingolipid metabolism, plays a significant role in various biological processes, including the cell cycle, apoptosis, and cellular aging. Alterations in sphingolipid metabolism are implicated in cellular aging, however, the specific sphingolipid components and intrinsic mechanisms that mediate this process remain largely uncharacterized.

Efficient EEG Feature Learning Model Combining Random Convolutional Kernel with Wavelet Scattering for Seizure Detection.

Automatic seizure detection has significant value in epilepsy diagnosis and treatment. Although a variety of deep learning models have been proposed to automatically learn electroencephalography (EEG) features for seizure detection, the generalization performance and computational burden of such deep models remain the bottleneck of practical application. In this study, a novel lightweight model based on random convolutional kernel transform (ROCKET) is developed for EEG feature learning for seizure detection.

Thioredoxin reductase as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and efficacy prediction of gastrointestinal malignancy: a large-scale, retrospective study.

Background: Our aim was to investigate the rationality and accuracy of plasma TrxR activity as an efficient tool in the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancy, and whether TrxR can be used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of gastrointestinal malignancy.

Methods: We enrolled a total of 5091 cases, including 3736 cases in gastrointestinal malignancy, 964 in benign diseases, and 391 cases in healthy controls. We also performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate diagnostic efficiency of TrxR.

Impact of endogenous glucocorticoid on response to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with advanced cancer.

Background: Previous studies indicate that exogenous use of glucocorticoid (GC) affects immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy. However, there is a paucity of clinical data evaluating the direct impact of endogenous GC on the efficacy for cancer patients with immune checkpoint blockade.

Methods: We first compared the endogenous circulating GC levels in healthy individuals and patients with cancer.

Compact Convolutional Neural Network with Multi-Headed Attention Mechanism for Seizure Prediction.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder related to frequent seizures. Automatic seizure prediction is crucial for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy. In this paper, we propose a novel model for seizure prediction that incorporates a convolutional neural network (CNN) with multi-head attention mechanism.

[Analysis of progress characteristics of retinoblastoma based on single cell transcriptome sequencing].

Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in infants and young children. The key causative factors in the progression of RB remain unclear. Therefore, identifying genes closely associated with RB progression may provide important clues for disease diagnosis and gene therapy.

Both Cross-Patient and Patient-Specific Seizure Detection Based on Self-Organizing Fuzzy Logic.

Automatic epilepsy detection is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Most detection methods are based on patient-specific models and have achieved good results. However, in practice, new patients do not have their own previous EEG data and therefore cannot be initially diagnosed.

Epileptic Seizure Detection with EEG Textural Features and Imbalanced Classification Based on EasyEnsemble Learning.

Imbalance data classification is a challenging task in automatic seizure detection from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings when the durations of non-seizure periods are much longer than those of seizure activities. An imbalanced learning model is proposed in this paper to improve the identification of seizure events in long-term EEG signals. To better represent the underlying microstructure distributions of EEG signals while preserving the non-stationary nature, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and uniform 1D-LBP feature extraction procedure are introduced.

Endostatin reverses immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment in lung carcinoma.

Endostatin has previously been demonstrated to efficiently inhibit the angiogenesis and growth of endothelial cells. However, the role of endostatin in the tumor microenvironment remains to be elucidated. To investigate the antitumor effect of endostatin in lung cancer, the present study was designed to explore the alterations of microvessel density in Lewis lung cancer models and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, following endostatin therapy.

The expression status of TRX, AR, and cyclin D1 correlates with clinicopathological characteristics and ER status in breast cancer.

Background: The ER signaling pathway plays a critical role in breast cancer. ER signaling pathway-related proteins, such as TRX, AR, and cyclin D1, may have an important function in breast cancer. However, the ways that they influence breast cancer development and progression are still unclear.

TXNIP interaction with the Her-1/2 pathway contributes to overall survival in breast cancer.

Previous studies have indicated that Her-2 induction causes a strong decrease in thioredoxin interaction protein (TXNIP) in breast cancer cells. However, little is known regarding the prognostic value of TXNIP in clinical breast cancer patients with anti-Her-2 treatment. Using a tissue microarray, we detected TXNIP and p27 expression in breast cancer tissue, as well as corresponding noncancerous tissues.

miR-1470 mediates lapatinib induced p27 upregulation by targeting c-jun.

Our previous study indicated that lapatinib induces p27-dependent G(1) arrest through both transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Using miRNA microarray technology and quantitative RT-PCR, we further investigated the potential miRNAs that involved in p27 upregulation and Her-2 signaling pathway alteration with lapatinib treatment. A subset of 7 miRNAs was significantly affected in both 0.

The regulatory loop of COMP1 and HNF-4-miR-150-p27 in various signaling pathways.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short regulatory RNAs that negatively modulate protein expression at the post-transcriptional level. Additionally, they have been associated with the pathogenesis of a number of types of cancer. In the current study, two target sites for miR-150 were determined within the 3'-untranslated region of p27 (hereafter referred to as p27) mRNA, and it was determined that ectopic overexpression of miR-150 led directly to p27 downregulation in cancer cells.

Transcriptional regulation of the p73 gene by Nrf-2 and promoter CpG methylation in human breast cancer.

To understand the transcriptional regulation of p73 by promoter methylation and Nrf-2 in breast carcinogenesis, ChIP assay indicated that Nrf-2 can bind to both promoters and can activate the transcription of TAp73 and ΔNp73 in MCF-7 cell line, knockdown of Nrf-2 gene resulted in an abrogation of TAp73 and ΔNp73 expression in the cells transfected with sh-Nrf-2 as well as Nrf-2 knock out mouse model. However, we found Nrf-2 induced ΔNp73 expression was abolished with 5-aza-dC treatment, thus lead to a down-regulated ΔNp73 and an up-regulated TAp73 expression in breast cancer cells lines. Consistent with this model, we detected decreased TAp73 and increased ΔNp73 expression in breast cancer tissue, along with increased TAp73 but decreased ΔNp73 expression in corresponding surrounding noncancerous tissues (NCTs) in a breast cancer tissue assay.

MicroRNA-495 induces breast cancer cell migration by targeting JAM-A.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. The deregulated expression of miRNAs is associated with a variety of diseases, including breast cancer. In the present study, we found that miR-495 was markedly up-regulated in clinical breast cancer samples by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR).

Lin28B expression correlates with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics in breast invasive ductal carcinoma.

Lin28B is a RNA-binding protein that inhibits the let-7 microRNA family and acts as an oncogene in various human malignant diseases. Conversely, the members of let-7 family function as tumor suppressers and are often inactivated in cancers. The interaction of Lin28B/let-7 plays a crucial part of tumorigenesis.

Multitargeted antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined to chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: We undertook a meta-analysis of randomized trials to evaluate the efficacy of multitargeted antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MATKIs) in addition to chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Knowledge databases and the ASCO meeting abstracts were searched for eligible literature published up to August 30, 2013. The endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR) and toxicities.

TCF7L2 rs12255372 (G>T) polymorphism contributes to breast carcinogenesis: evidence from a meta-analysis.

Studies on the association between the TCF7L2 rs12255372 polymorphism and breast cancer risk have reported conflicting results. To characterize the relationship between this polymorphism and breast cancer risk, we conducted a comprehensive literature search for relevant studies and performed a meta-analysis. A total of four studies including 5280 cases and 6026 controls were eligible for our analysis.

Quantitative assessment of the association between three polymorphisms in FAS and FASL gene and breast cancer risk.

FAS and FAS ligand (FASL) play crucial roles in apoptotic signaling, and deregulation of this pathway may facilitate carcinogenesis. Studies on the association between the FAS/FASL polymorphisms (FAS-1377G/A rs2234767, FAS-670A/G rs1800682, and FASL-844C/T rs763110) and breast cancer risk have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, to characterize the relationship between those polymorphisms and breast cancer risk, we undertook a meta-analysis of those studies.

Risk of hypertension with regorafenib in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Regorafenib is a novel multikinase inhibitor approved for use in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and locally advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Hypertension is one of the major adverse events of this agent, but to date the incidence and risk of hypertension with regorafenib have not been systematically investigated. We have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published clinical trials to determine its overall incidence and risk.

3' untranslated region 1630 C>T polymorphism of prohibitin increases risk of breast cancer.

Background: Prohibitin 3' untranslated region 1630 C>T (rs6917) polymorphism creates a variant T allele that lacks the antiproliferative activity of the more common functional C allele. Previous studies indicate that women carrying the prohibitin T allele have an increased susceptibility to breast cancer. However, the role of 1630 C>T polymorphism in mRNA expression of prohibitin and its contribution to carcinogenesis in the breast remains controversial.

The Hsa-miR-27a rs895819 (A>G) polymorphism and cancer susceptibility.

Published data on the association between the rs895819 (A>G) polymorphism in the terminal loop of pre-miR-27a and cancer risk is inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the association between this polymorphism and cancer. The PubMed, Web of science, and Embase databases were searched for articles on the hsa-miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism and cancer risk published up to November 24, 2012.

Functional variants at the miRNA binding sites of the E2F1 gene and its mRNA expression.

The transcription factor E2F1 is a key regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and deregulated expression of E2F1 has been frequently found in a number of malignancies. Previous studies have indentified that E2F1 genetic 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) microRNA (miRNA) binding site variants are significantly associated with cancer risk; however, the roles of genetic variants in the E2F1 3'UTR in its post-transcriptional regulation have not been elucidated. Hence, using mRNA expression data from the HapMap online database, we analyzed the association between the variants at the miRNA binding sites of E2F1 and its mRNA expression.