Dissociating two aspects of human 3D spatial perception by studying fighter pilots.

Human perception of 3D space has been investigated extensively, but there are conflicting reports regarding its distortions. A possible solution to these discrepancies is that 3D perception is in fact comprised of two different processes-perception of traveled space, and perception of surrounding space. Here we tested these two aspects on the same subjects, for the first time.

Rupture of a large ophthalmic segment saccular aneurysm associated with closed head injury: case report.

Objective And Importance: Although each year approximately 30,000 to 50,000 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the United States are caused by the rupture of intracranial saccular aneurysms, there is little information in the literature documenting the association of aneurysmal rupture with closed head injury.

Clinical Presentation: A 61-year-old woman presented after a motor vehicle accident with multiple injuries, including a severe closed head injury. Computed tomography revealed a diffuse basal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Type IV spinal arteriovenous malformation in association with familial pulmonary vascular malformations: case report.

Objective And Importance: Type IVc arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the spinal cord consist of multiple high-flow feeding vessels, and they often present a challenging management situation. Their location is intradural and extramedullary, and they are rare malformations that are difficult to treat owing to the risk of thrombosis of the anterior spinal artery. The authors report a case of Type IVc spinal AVM in a patient with a family history of three siblings with pulmonary AVMs.

Neurovascular complications of cocaine.

Use of cocaine in the USA, has reached epidemic proportions since 1983, when "crack" was introduced, its higher potency compared with cocaine HCl has been associated with a tremendous increase in the incidence of strokes. This study reports our experience with 55 cases of neurovascular events (25 ischemic and 30 hemorrhagic) related to cocaine use in 54 patients. Only 15 patients had other risk factors for stroke.

MR Imaging of the cervical cord in juvenile amyotrophy of distal upper extremity.

We report the MR studies of the cervical cord in seven patients presenting juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity. This illness, also known as monomelic amyotrophy or benign focal amyotrophy, is distinct from the other motor neuron diseases. Seen in young males, it is characterized by muscular atrophy of the hand, and usually of the forearm, most often unilateral.

CT features of primary cerebral lymphoma in AIDS and non-AIDS patients.

Computed tomographic study of six cases with primary cerebral non-Hodgkin lymphoma are reviewed. Three had a history of intravenous drug abuse and were diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). All cases presented with space occupying lesions in the frontal lobe with the exception of Case 4.

Epidural spinal infection in intravenous drug abusers.

The incidence of spinal epidural abscess and disk space infection appears to be rising in intravenous drug-using patients. We report 18 cases seen over three years in two municipal hospitals. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common infective agent, but two patients had Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Third ventricular primary cerebral neuroblastoma. Electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical study.

A case of third ventricular primary cerebral neuroblastoma with secondary hydrocephalus is reported. Light microscopy showed a cell pattern that resembled either ependymoma or oligodendroglioma. The tumor was confirmed to be neuroblastoma by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.

Cocaine-related intracranial hemorrhage. Report of nine cases and review.

Nine cases of intracranial hemorrhages related to cocaine usage are presented. Another 5 cases from the literature are reviewed. The relationship between severe cocaine-induced hypertension, and the development of subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhages is noted, and apparently is related to sudden transient increases of blood pressure related to cocaine use.

Treatment of a recurrent traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula: vertebro-basilar approach after surgical occlusion of the internal carotid artery.

A case of a post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula treated by endovascular approach through the vertebrobasilar system is reported. The 16 year old female patient was hurt in a car accident. The instantly-occurring carotid-cavernous fistula was treated with a Fogarty catheter, the internal carotid artery being occluded during this procedure.

Traumatic intraspinal pneumocele.

Traumatic intraspinal pneumocele (TIP) is a radiologic finding in which air is visualized within the spinal canal on routine cervical spine x-rays following a head injury. TIP may be the initial radiologic evidence of a severe central nervous system injury. The presence of TIP will alert a physician to the severity of the head injury, as well as the need for further radiologic investigations.

Acute intervertebral gas following vertebral fracture: CT demonstration.

The occurrence of intervertebral gas secondary to the vacuum phenomenon has been previously described and is thought to be pathognomonic of degenerative disk disease. The case reported here illustrates that the intervertebral vacuum phenomenon may occur following trauma, suggesting that it is not exclusive to degenerative disk disease.

Dural arteriovenous malformation of the major venous sinuses: an acquired lesion.

Arteriovenous malformations of the dura are thought to be congenital. However, arteriographic investigations of four patients who, after a head injury, developed dural arteriovenous fistulae with features of congenital malformations suggest that these abnormal communications may also be acquired. Thrombosis or thrombophlebitis in the dural sinus or vein may be the primary event in their formation.

Pitfalls in the diagnosis of erosive changes in expanding lesions of the pituitary fossa.

Tomographic findings were reviewed in 47 cases of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy for expanding intrasellar mass. Changes caused by factors other than the presence of a mass were classified into five groups. These were: (a) patterns of aeration of the sphenoid sinus, (b) sites of attachment of the sphenoid sinus septum, (c) thickening of the mucous membrane of the sphenoid sinus, (d) extensive thinning of the sellar cortex, and (e) sloping floors.